M.B.B.S.
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

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M.B.B.S. stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. M.B.B.S. is composed of 2 Words, M.B. - 'Medicinae Baccalaureus' (Bachelor of Medicine in Latin) and B.S. - 'Bachelor of Surgery' (in English). Though the name suggests 2 separate degrees, however it is only 1 degree. It is an Undergraduate Academic Degree Course dealing with Medicine and Surgery. The Duration of M.B.B.S. course extends over a period of 4 ½ academic years which are divided into into 9 semesters. Each semester is of 6 months duration. After the completion of academic study, a candidate has to complete 1 year of compulsory rotating internship. Each semester consists of approximately 120 teaching days. All over the duration of M.B.B.S. is 5 ½ years. M.B.B.S is required to become a Doctor in Allopathic Medicine. Candidates are given an in depth and proper knowledge of human body through theory, practical experience in dissection of bodies and observing various types of surgeries.

• Eligibility in Detail
• MBBS Subjects
• Training Period & Time Distribution
• Internship
• Internship Time Distribution
• Major Institutes offering M.B.B.S.
• MBBS Advantage
• MBBS Employment Areas
• MBBS Job Types

M.B.B.S. is suited best, for those who have a scientific bend of mind and those who want to serve humanity. Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery is the most coveted of all the Medical Degrees in India. As of 2011, M.B.B.S. is not available through distance education though there was a report regarding the introduction of M.B.B.S. through corrospondence in Times of India, according to which Max Healthcare and US-based Ocenia University were in regular touch with MCI (Medical Council of India) over the distance M.B.B.S. programme in November 2007. MCI is a medical body which maintains uniform standards of medical education, both undergraduate and postgraduate. 

Eligibility

To obtain M.B.B.S. admission the basic criteria is that a candidate should have scored more than 50% marks in physics, chemistry and biology aggregate in their 10+2 grade. To get medical school entry, one needs to appear for Common Entrance Test (CET) and All India Medical Entrance Examination (AIMEE). The candidate needs to appear for All India Pre Medical Entrance Test for admission to 15% of the total seats for medical and dental courses in all medical and dental colleges run by the Union of India. This test is conducted by Central board of Secondary education.

A basic requirement for applying for medical entrance tests is that the student should be at least 17 years old on or before 31st December of the year of admission. Upper age limit, where specified, is 25 years. Typically, Written tests have questions from physics, chemistry and biology (botany and zoology). In general, the mix of questions is such that the focus on biology, which is a combination of zoology and botany, is as much as that on physics and chemistry together. Most of the time there is negative marking for a wrong answer. This would be indicated in the information bulletin or prospectus. Some medical entrance tests also have a few questions on general knowledge, personality and intelligence assessment or English language. The states also conduct their own Pre Medical Entrance Examination for domiciled candidates.

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Subjects

• Human Anatomy.
• Human Physiology Including Bio-Physics.
• Biochemistry.
• Introduction to Humanities & Community Medicine.
• Forensic Medicine including Toxicology.
• Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
• Orthopaedics.
• Radiotherapy.
• Ophthalmology.
• Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
• Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Specialisations
• General Medicine.
• General Surgery.
• Paediatrics.
• Obstetrics & Gynaecology.
• Dermatology.
• Ophthalmology.
• Orthopaedics.
• E.N.T. (Ear, Nose and Throat).
• Psychiatry.
• Anaesthesiology.

Training Period and Time Distribution as per MCI Regulations

1. Every student shall undergo a period of certified study extending over 4 ½ academic years divided into 9 semesters, (i.e. of 6 months each) from the date of commencement of his study for the subjects comprising the medical curriculum to the date of completion of examination and followed by one year compulsory rotating internship. Each semester will consist of approximately 120 teaching days of a hours each college working time, including one hour of lunch.

2. The period of 4 1//2 years is divided into 3 Phases as follows:-

(a) Phase-1 (two semesters) – consisting of Pre-clinical subjects (Human Anatomy, Physiology including Bio-Physics, Biochemistry and introduction to Community Medicine including Humanities). Besides 60 hours for introduction to Community Medicine including Humanities, rest of the time shall be somewhat equally divided between Anatomy and Physiology plus Biochemistry combined (Physiology 2/3 and Biochemistry 1/3).

(b) Phase-II (3 semester) – consisting of para – clinical/clinical subjects.
During this phase teaching of para-clinical and clinical subjects shall be done concurrently.
The para-clinical subjects shall consist of Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine including Toxicology and part of Community Medicine.
The clinical subjects shall consist of all these detailed below in Phase III.
Out of the time for Para-clinical teaching approximately equal time be allotted to Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine and Community Medicine combined (1/3 Forensic Medicine and 2/3 Community Medicine).

(c) Phase-III (continuation of study of clinical subjects for seven semesters after passing Phase-1)
The clinical subjects to be taught during Phase II and III are Medicine and its allied specialties, Surgery and its allied specialties, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Community Medicine.

Besides clinical posting as per schedule mentioned herewith, rest of the teaching hours be divided for didactic lectures, demonstrations, seminars, group discussions, etc. in various subjects.

The Medicine and its allied specialties training will include General Medicine, Pediatrics, Tuberculosis and Chest, Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Psychiatry, Radio-diagnosis, Infectious diseases etc. The Surgery and its allied specialties training will include General Surgery, Orthopedics Surgery including Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Anesthesia, Dentistry, Radio-therapy etc. The Obstetrics & Gynecology training will include family medicine, family welfare planning etc.

3. The first 2 semester (approximately 240 teaching days) shall be occupied in the Phase 1 (pre-clinical) subjects and introduction to a broader understanding of the perspectives of medical education leading to delivery of health care. No student shall be permitted to join the Phase II (Pare-clinical/clinical) group of subjects until he has passed in all the Phase 1 (Pre-clinical) subjects for which he will be permitted not more than four chances (actual examination), provided four chances are completed in three years from the date of enrollment.

4.  After passing pre-clinical subjects, 1 ½ year (3 semesters) shall be devoted to para-clinical subjects. Phase II will be devoted to para-clinical and clinical subjects, along with clinical posting. During clinical phase (Phase III) pre-clinical and para clinical teaching will be integrated into the teaching of clinical subjects where relevant.

5. Didactic lectures should not exceed one third of the time schedule; two third schedule should include practical, clinical or/and group discussions. Learning process should include living experiences, problem oriented approach, case studies and community health care activities.

6. Universities shall organize admission timings and admission process in such a way that teaching in first semester starts by 1st of August each year.

7. Supplementary examination may be conducted within 6 months so that the students who pass can join the main batch and the failed students will have to appear in the subsequent year.

Phase Distribution and Timing of Examinations:-

Note :

• Passing in 1st Professional is compulsory before proceeding to Phase II training.
• A students who fails in the IInd professional examination, shall not be allowed to appear in IIIrd Professional Part I examination unless he passes all subjects of IInd Professional examination.
• Passing in IIIrd Professional (Part I) examination is not compulsory before entering for 8th and 9th semester training, however passing of IIIrd Professional (Part I) is compulsory for being eligible for IIIrd Professional (Part II) examination.

During third to ninth semesters, clinical postings of three hours duration daily as specified in the Table is suggested for various departments, after Introductory Course in Clinical Methods in Medicine and Surgery of two weeks each for the whole class.

- Clinical methods in Medicine and Surgery for whole class will be for 2 weeks each respectively at the start of 3rd semester
* This posting includes training in Radio diagnosis and Radiotherapy where existent.
**This posting includes exposure to Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy.
*** This  posting includes exposure to laboratory medicine and infectious diseases.
**** This posting includes exposure to dressing and Anesthesia.
***** This includes maternity training and Family medicine and the 3rd semester posting shall be in Family Welfare Planning.

Internship - Internship is a phase of training wherein a graduate is expected to conduct actual practice of medical and health care and acquire skills under supervision so that he/she may become capable of functioning independently. Time allocation to each discipline is approximate and shall be guided more specifically by the actual experience obtained. Thus a student serving in a district or taluk hospital emergency room may well accumulate skill in surgery, orthopaedics, medicine, obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics during even a single night on duty. Responsible authorities from the medical college shall adjust the intern experience to maximize intern’s opportunities to practice skills in patient care in rough approximation of the time allocation suggested.

INTERNSHIP TIME DISTRIBUTION

Compulsory

Elective Postings

Elective Subjects

Elective posting will include Two of the following for 15 days in each subject.

• Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
• Psychiatry.
• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.
• Anaesthesia.
• Radio-diagnosis.
• Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
• Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
• Blood Bank and Transfusion Department.

Some of the Major Institutes offering M.B.B.S.

• AIIMS, Delhi
• Armed Forces Medical College, Pune
• Christian Medical College, Vellore
• JIPMER
• St. John's Medical College

Advantages or Benefits of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

1. The prefix of `Dr` before one's name commands respect. That itself is an achievement in itself. Doctors also are looked upon with great respect as they save lives with their skills so a Doctor gains the status of a Humanitarian as well.
2. Doctors command high salaries and can earn lots of money especially in private practice.
3. Medical graduates are eligible to sit for various postgraduate examinations, including examinations for membership and fellowship of professional institutions such as Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons, postgraduate Masters degrees such as a Master of Surgery or Master of Obstetrics and a postgraduate doctorate in medicine (e.g. Doctor of Medicine, if earned in Ireland, the UK or Commonwealth nations) and board certification examinations.

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Jobs

Modern world is typified by increasingly extravagant and complicated life styles which pave way for a variety of ailments. Therefore the demand for medical professionals is tremendously increasing with this scenario prevalent all over the world. Added to the fact that there are super speciality hospitals in every nook and corner within the country and abroad offering employment opportunities.

MBBS Employment Areas

• Biomedical Companies.
• Health Centres.
• Hospitals.
• Laboratories.
• Medical Colleges.
• Medical Foundation / Trust.
• Non-Profit Organizations.
• Nursing Homes.
• Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies.
• Polyclinics.
• Private Practice.
• Research Institutes.

MBBS Job Types

• Anaesthetist or Anaesthesiologists.
• Bacteriologist.
• Cardiologist.
• Chiropodist.
• Chief Medical Officer (CMO).
• Clinical Laboratory Scientist.
• Dermatologist.
• E.N.T. Specialist.
• Enterologist.
• Gastroenterologist.
• General Practitioner.
• General Surgeon.
• Gynaecologist.
• Hospital Administrator.
• Medical Admitting Officer.
• Neurologists.
• Nutritionist.
• Obstetrician.
• Orthopaedist.
• Pathologist.
• Paediatrician.
• Radiologist.
• Physician.
• Physiologist.
• Psychiatrists.
• Resident Medical Officer.