Goa University Courses

M.Sc. (Electronics)

Course Structure

Course Detail 

Semester I

ELC 101: Microelectronics and VLSI Design

• An overview of VLSI, Modern CMOS Technology
• Silicon Logic, Logic design with MOSFET.
• Physical structure of CMOS Integrated circuits
• Fabrication Technologies of CMOS Integrated Circuits
• Elements of Physical Design
• Electrical characteristics of MOSFETS
• Electronic analysis of CMOS Logic gates
• Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits
• System specifications using HDL, General VLSI components
• Memories and Programmable Logic
• VLSI Clocking and System Design
• Reliability and Testing of VLSI circuits
  

ELC 102: Numerical Computation and Algorithms Computer Programming:

Introduction to Algorithms, Elements of Computer Programming language Basics of algorithm design, general model, Dynamic programming model, principle of optimality, backtracking models.

• Algorithm order and complexity
• Backtracking example.

Data Structures:

Introduction to Data Structures, Vectors and Lists, Binary Trees, Graphs, Hashing.

• Implementation of Shortest path algorithm
• Implementation of binary tree
  

Theory of Numerical programming:

Theory of numerical errors, Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal & Simpsons rule, Romberg method, Improper integrals; Numerical Solution of linear equations: Guass-Jordon elimination and Lu decomposition, Numerical Solutions of nonlinear equations: Bracketting, bisection,Secant & Regulafalsi method, Newton-Ralphson method; Numerical Solutions to Ordinary differential equations: Runge-Kutta method, Modified midpoint method, Richardson extrapolation.

• Trapezoid methods, Newtons Raphson methods
• Bisection and Regular falsi methods
• Runge Kutta
  

Database:

Basic Concepts, Relational Data Model, Database Design, DBMS storage structures and access methods, Query Processing, Transaction Processing, Security & Integrity, Distributed Databases, Client Server Computing.

• SQL for database
• Client Server data base query

ELC103: EDA Tools-I

Study of EDA tools, EDA Structure; Various EDA tools in VLSI technologies; Bottom up (Full custom), Top Down (Standard Cell) approach; Various Simulations in VLSI EDA; Layout format (CIF, GDS), p-Spice code examples.

• Microwind /Cadence
  • 1 multiplexure.
  • 3:8 decoder
  • Design Shift Registers
  • Design of Counters for digital clock
  • Memory design using 6T cell.
  • Dynamic Memory design.
  • Radiofrequency circuit.
  • Resistive circuit
  • Differential amplifier
• p-Spice
  • 2nd order Butter-worth Notch Filter.
  • Clipper Circuit.
  • Buffer design using SPICE.

ELC 10: Electronics Practicals –I

• Design of -bit UP-DOWN Counter.
• Design of variable voltage supply @ 2 Amps.
• Temperature Controller using 71.
• Design of Power Amplifier 10 Watts.
• Design of Stepper driver using Monoshot & 555 Timer.
• Design of Function Generator.
• DS-CDMA simulation.
• Error detection and correction Algorithm
  • CRC
  • Hamming code
• Channel Coding methods.
  • Convolution b. Block code
• Implementation of MSK modulation and demodulation.
• ASK, FSK, QPSK, modulation & demodulation.
• QPSK, modulation & demodulation.

UEL101: Advanced Digital Communication Systems

Introduction to Mobile and Cellular Communication Systems: Main Definitions, impact of Mobile and Cellular Radio Communication Historical overview. Fundamental of Radio Mobile and Cellular Practices Radio mobile links and cells, Frequency re-use, Principles of Cellular Com. Mobile Telephone Switching Subsystem, The mobile frequency spectrum, Hand-off, Cochannel and adjacent channel interference limitations, Near-far problem, Power Control.

Mobile Communication Channel including antennas: The mobile wireless propagation channel, Notions on antennas especially the near and far field concept, Line of Sight (LOS) propagation, Multipath fading and shadowing and over the horizon propagation, outdoor and Indoor Propagation, Flat and selective fading, Special antennas for base stations and headsets, Deterministic, Empirical and Statistical Methods for propagation link computations.

Overview of Mobile and Cellular Radio Communication Modulation and Detection Techniques: Analog modulations and detection: AM, FM, PM, ACSB, Hybrid and Digital modulation: PCM, ASK, FSK, QPSK, QAM, MSK, etc, Coherent and noncoherent detection, C/N, S/N, Eb/No and BER relations, Probability concepts, Mobile Radio links parameters.

Overview of Multiple Accesses Techniques: Simplex, Duplex TDD and Time Division Duplex, Time division multiple access (TDMA) FDMA and OFDM, Code Division multiple access (CDMA), Hybrid multiple access, Management of voice, Data and Video (Multimedia) information. Modern Digital Radio Systems: standards, proposals and comparisons GSM (Europe and all over the world) - TDMA, IS-5 (U.S.A.)- TDMA, IS-95 (U.S.A., Korea) CDMA-, PHS (Japan) - TDMA, Frequency Hopping (FH) (U.S.A.) - CDMA, Short Range Distance  Nanocells and Picocells Systems, PCS, PCS Cordless telephone 2nd generation (CT-2), Cellular digital packet data (CDPD), and Wireless LAN, New standard trends Edge, 3rd and th generation beginning.

Mitigation Techniques for Mobile System: Overview of Natural and manmade external noise sources, Radiation hazards effects from base stations, Mobile and portable equipments. Diversity Techniques for Mobile Radio Systems: Dispersive channels, Space diversity, Frequency diversity, Polarization diversity, Hybrid and quadruple diversity, Equalizer techniques Trends in Mobile and Cellular Communications Multimedia: 3rd and th Generation. Global Mobile systems using GEO and LEO. SQSP Platforms and Terrestriel links. Novel Localization Techniques.

Semester II

ELC 201: Embedded Systems Designs

Architectures: RISC/CISC and Harvard/Princeton Architectures(); Types of Memories (3), Introduction to 8-bit Micro controllers (), Timers/Counters, UART, SPI, PWM, WDT,(6) Input Capture, Output Compare Modes,( 3) I2C, CAN, Interfacing LED, Switches, ADC, DAC, LCD, RTC,( 8) Emerging Bus Standards (USB, Compact PCI) ,( ) Programming in Assembly and C (GNU Tools),(5) Introduction to 16/32-bit Processors,() ARM Architecture & Organization, (5)ARM/THUMB Programming Model, ARM/THUMB Instruction Set, ARM Exception Handling, ARM/THUMB Assembly & C Programming (GNU Tools

ELC 105: Operating System and RTOS

• Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture: hardware vs software - the  virtual machine concept, concept of von Neumann architecture, hardware components and functions, trends in hardware development, system configurations and classifications.
• Process Description and Control: Processes, process states, processor modes, context switching, CPU scheduling algorithms, threads.
• Concurrency Control: Concurrent processes, critical section problem and solutions, mutual exclusion solution requirements, semaphores and monitors.
• Deadlocks: Characterization, detection and recovery, avoidance, prevention.
• Inter Process Communication: classical IPC problems and solutions, IPC techniques.
• The Input/Output and File Subsystem: I/O devices, controllers and channels, bus structures, 1/0 techniques (programmed, interrupt driven and DMA), I/O subsystem layers. Concepts of files and directories, issues and techniques for efficient storage and access of data. I/O and file system support for graphics, multimedia, databases, transaction processing and networking.
• The Memory Subsystem : Memory types and hierarchy, module level Organization, cache memory. Memory partitioning, swapping, paging, segmentation, virtual memory.
• The Central Processing Unit: CPU components, register sets, instruction cycles, addressing modes, instruction sets, concept of micro-programming ,Basics of RISC approach, pipelined and super-scalar approaches, vector processors and parallel processors, hardware support for the OS.

ELC207: Optical Communication Systems

• Light Propagation in Optical Fiber: Geometric picture, Pulse spread due to material dispersion, loss mechanism, Theory of Optical waveguides, methods of waveguides analyses , modes in steps and graded index fiber, new types of optical fibers
• Fiber Optics Technology: Glass fiber fabrication, cable design, coupling, splicing and connectors, splicing methods, connectors, fiber measurements.
• Optical Sources: LED and LDs, development of Laser diodes structures, transmitter circuits, Coupling efficiency of source to fiber.
• Optical detectors: Photodiodes, Avalanche diodes and other detectors.
• Receiver sensitivity and BER: Receiver design, Noise in detectors.
• Communication System design: System requirement, System design, Link analyses, Power budgeting.
• Voice Transmission: Characteristics of Voice signals, TDM, Undersea fiber optics communication system , fibers in telephone network.

ELC 203: Electronics Practicals II

• LCD & LED Interfacing to ATMEL 89C52
• 7-segment Interfacing to ATMEL 89C52 (BCD counter)
• Display Temperature using ATMEL 89C52
• Serial Transmission and reception PIC16F877
• Configuring On-chip ADC PIC16F877
• Waveform generation using I2C based Max5822 interfaced to PIC 16F877
• Hex Keypad Interfaced to ARM controller
• LCD & LED Interfacing using ARM controller
• Switching of tasks using ARM controller
• OS-I using ARM
• OS-II using ARM
• Coping the memory segment using 8086 Assembler
• Sorting of numbers using 8086 Assembler
• Multiplication & Division using 8086 Assembler
• Shell programming -I
• Shell programming -II
• Shell programming -III

UEL102: Microprocessor Architecture and Programming

• Introduction and Historical Perspectives: Architecture basics, Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC) and Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) processors, Advantages and Drawbacks of CISC & RISC, Logical Similarity with example of a typical microprocessor, Short Chronology of Microprocessor Development with reference to CISC families such as INTEL, AMD and MOTOROLA, RISC families development of POWER PC, Alpha, Sparc.
• Fundamental Architectures: Defining a Computer Architecture e.g. degree of pipelining, basic topology, technology used etc., Neumann and Haward Architectures, Single Processor Systems, Parallelism Implementation using pipelines and multiple units, Super-pipelining, Superscalar, Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) architectures, Building multithreaded processors, Multiple Processor Systems - SIMD, MIMD and multi-computer approaches.
• Implementation Considerations: Memory Hierarchy, pre-fetching techniques, coherent caches, pipelining, ternary logic, packaging considerations, wafer scale integration.
• Implementation of Functional Units: Memory Management, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Floating Point Unit, Branch Unit, Vector Unit, Load/Store Unit.
• Development Tools: Microcomputer Development Systems (MDS), In Circuit Emulator (ICE), Assembler, Editors, Logic Analyser
• Case Study of INTEL X 86 families: Overview and Features in brief.

Semester III

ELC 20: Instrumentation & Control Theory

• Introduction: Basic Concepts of measurements, calibrations and standards. Transducers (Types and parameters) and Sensors: Displacement, strain, vibration, Pressure, Flow, Temperature, Force and Torque (linearity, accuracy, precision, bandwidth, repeatability)
• Amplification: Simple ended, Differential and Instrumentation amplifier.
• Sampling: An Anti-aliasing, Multiplexers, Sample and Hold, Track and Hold.
• Computer Interfaces: Serial (RS-232), Parallel, GPIB (IEEE-88), Universal Serial Bus(USB)
• Display Devices: Review of LED, LCD, CRT devices, segmental and dot matrix displays.
• General purpose test equipments: CRO, Digital storage oscilloscope, Digital voltmeter, Wave Spectrum analysis, Lock-in-amplifiers, Pulse generators and waveform generators, Box-car averager.
• Control System: Types of control system - open loop, closed loop, linear, non-linear, continuous, discrete, time invariant, modes of linear systems, frequency and time response, sampled data system, open loop motor control, DC motor phase control.

ELC301: Electronics Practicals – III

• Hardware.
  • Design of S/C circuit for Strain gauge /Glucose strip @ 3.3V.
  • Design of S/C circuit for Thermistor sensor @ 3.3 V and interfacing with ARM.
  • Serial (Rs232) implementation with 89C52.
  • EO to OE Convector for Analog Signal.
  • EO to OE converter for PWM Signal.
  • Implementation of FIR BP using Xilinx XC3S00Cyclone II.
  • FFT using TMS 320.
  • Convolution using TMS 320.
  • Analysis of frequency components using Spectrum Analyzer
• Software.
  • Simulink HPF & BPF Simulation
  • VHDL implementation for the Multiplexer & Demultiplexer
  • VHDL Implementation for Encoder & Decoder
  • VHDL implementation for the Counter.
  • Verilog implementation for the Memory Module.
  • Verilog implementation for the Latch.
  • Display Hello world and blinking Led’s using NiosII soft core
  • Matrix Manipulation on NIOS II core (Multiplication, determinant, Inverse, Transpose)

ELD 201: Signal and Systems

Signal And Signal Processing: Characterization and classification of signal, Typical signal Operations. Discrete time signal and Systems: Time Signal , Sequence representation, Sampling process, Simple Interconnection schemes, Correlation of Signal, Ramdom Signal. Discrete Time Fourier Transform: Continuous Discrete-time FT, Energy Density Spectrum, Phase and Group Delays, Sampling of continuous tie signal, Low pass & Band pass Signal, Anti-Alising Filter design, Sample and Hold, A to D, D to A convertors, Effects of sample and hold.

Z- Tranform: Defination and properties, inverse Z-Tranform, The transfer function Digital Filter Structure: Block diagram representation, FIR , IIR filter, Allpass filter, Tunable IIR Digital filter, Digital Sin-Cosine generator. Computational complexity. FIR Digital Filter Design: Prelimnary considerations, FIR Design based on windowed FS, Design of minimum phase. DSP Algorithm implementaion: Stucture simulation, Computation of DFT, DFT & IDFT using MATAB, Sliding DFT, Number represenation, Handling verflow, Tunable digital filters.

Application od Digital Signal Processing: Dual tone multifrequency tone signal Detection, Spectral analysis of sinusoidal Signal, nonstationary signal, random signal, Musical sound processing, Signal compression, Transmultiplexers.

ELD202: Digital Signal Processing

Students have to design the following experiments in Matlab and Simulink and plot the characteristics of the signal processing system under design.

• Filters
  • Lp norm
  • Ensemble averaging Filters
  • Exponential moving average systems
  • Median filter
  • FIR
• Demonstration of aliasing effect.
• Oscillators
  • Design using Van der Pol’s equation
  • Lorentz oscillators systems
  • Gaussian oscillators systems
• FFT
• Image processing
  • Interpolations
  • Pattern recognition using PCA
• Simulink
  • Transfer function design and study for impulse and finite sequence.
  • Convolution

ELD301: Digital Systems Designs with HDL

Introduction: About Digital Design, Analog versus Digital, Electronic Aspects of Digital Design, PLD’s, ASIC, Digital Design level. Digital Concept and Number System: General Positional number system conversions,  Operation, BCD, Gray Code, Character Codes, Codes for Actions, Conditions, and States n-Cubes and Distance, Codes for Detecting and Correcting Errors, Error-Detecting Codes, Error-Correcting and Multiple-Error-Detecting Codes, Hamming Codes, CRC Codes, Two- Dimensional Codes, Checksum Codes, m-out-of-n Codes, Codes for Serial Data Transmission and Storage, Parallel and Serial Data, Serial Line Codes, COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES: Switching Algebra, Combinational- Circuit Analysis, Combinational-Circuit Synthesis, and Timing Hazards.

Hardware Description Languages: HDL-Based Digital Design, ABEL Hardware Description Language, The VHDL Hardware Description Language, The Verilog Hardware Description Language,

Combinational Logic Design Practices: Documentation Standards, Circuit Timing, Combinational PLDs , Decoders , Encoders , Three-State Devices , Multiplexers , Exclusive-OR Gates and Parity Circuits , Comparators , Adders, Subtractors, and ALUs , Combinational Multipliers .

Sequential Logic Design Principles & Practices: Bistable Elements, Latches  and Flip-Flops, Clocked Synchronous State-Machine Analysis, Clocked Synchronous State-Machine Design, Designing State Machines Using State Diagrams, State-Machine Synthesis Using Transition Lists, Another State-Machine Design Example, Decomposing State Machines, Feedback Sequential-Circuit Analysis, Feedback Sequential-Circuit Design, ABEL Sequential-Circuit Design Features ,Sequential-Circuit Design with VHDL , Sequential-Circuit Design with Verilog, Sequential-Circuit Documentation Standards , Latches and Flip-Flops ,Sequential PLDs , Counters, Shift Registers, Iterative versus  Sequential Circuits , Synchronous Design Methodology , Impediments to Synchronous Design , Synchronizer Failure and Metastability MEMORY, CPLDS, AND FPGAS Read-Only Memory, Read/Write Memory, Static RAM, Dynamic RAM, Complex Programmable Logic Devices, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

ELD302: EDA Tools-II

Study of JTAG, Modelsim Syntax study.

• Study of Phases of Quartus compilations.
• Study of phases of ISE compilations
• Testing logic using ChipScope-I.
• Testing logic using ChipScope-II
• Parrallel implementation of CRC.
• Serial implementation of CRC.
• FIFO implementation
• pulse stretcher
• Test bench using Modelsim-I
• Test bench using Modelsim-I
• Test bench using Modelsim-I
• Test bench using Modelsim-I

UEL103: Industrial Training, Mini-Project and Seminar

• Industrial training: A student has to undergo Industrial training equivalent to one credit for the period of minimum 1 month in the respective Electronics industries / Research Laboratory anywhere in India.
• Mini-Project: A student has to carry out a mini-project equivalent to 2 credit in the areas of embedded system design.
• Seminar: Each student has to present a power point presentation for total 20 minutes in the title suggested by DC equivalent to 1 credit. The participating students should participate in Q&A.

Semester IV

ELD01: Electronics Practicals – IV

• Reading from flash using DE2 board
• LCD and 7 segment Interfacing using DE2 board
• PS/2 Mouse Interface on DE2 board
• UART Interface using DE2 board
• Task switching LCD and 7 segments with uCOS.
• RTOS-I with RTLINUX
• RTOS-II with RTLINUX
• Video processing on Altera DSP kit
• Audio processing on Altera DSP kit
• Multirate signal processing using Xilinx Spartan XC3S00
• Echo implementation on Xilinx Spartan XC3S00
• Obstacle detection for varying range using 89C52 based Robot
• Line follower using 89C52 based Robot

ELD203: Nanoelectronics & Nanosystems

• Introduction: Development of microelectronics;
• Potentials of Silicon Technology; Basics of Nanoelectronics, some physical fundamentals,basics ofinformation theory;
• Biology Inspired Concepts.- Biological networks, Biology Inspired Concepts;
• Bio-chemical and Quantum-Mechanical Computers.- DNA computer ,Quantum
• computer; Parallel Architectures for Nanosystems.- Architectural principles, Architectures for parallel processing;
• Softcomputing and Nan electronics.- methods of soft computing, characteristics of neural  networks in nanoelectronics;
• Quantum Electronics; Bio and Molecular Electronics.- Bio electronics ,molecular electronics; Nanoelectronics with Tunneling Devices;
• Single Electron Transistor (SET); Nanoelectronics with Superconducting Devices;
• The Limits of Integrated Electronics

ELD303: Laser System Engineering

Wave Propagation: Wave Propagation in Isotropic and An-Isotropic media, Index Ellipsoid , Normal Index Surfaces, Half and Quarter wave Retardation Plates, Intensity transmission Using retardation plates, Circular Polarization. Optical Resonators: Energies in resonator, Febry-Perot Etalon , Febry-Perot Etalon as Optical Spectrum Analyzer, Mode Stability Criteria , Resonance Frequency of Optical Resonator, Unstable Resonator. Interaction of Radiation with Atomic System: Spontaneous transmission between Atomic layer, Homogenous and In-Homogeneous broadening , Line shape functions, Stimulated transmission , Absorption and amplification , gain saturation in Homogenous media . Theory of Laser Oscillator: Febry Perot Laser , Three and Four Level Laser , Power in Laser Oscillator, Optimum Light coupling , Multimode Laser Oscillator and Mode Locking Methods of Mode locking , Pulse length Measurements , Q-Switching , methods of QSwitching Laser Systems: Pumping and laser Efficiency, Ruby Laser, Flash Pumping ,Nd-YAG Laser , Nd-Glass Laser , Threshold for CW and Pulse operation , He-Ne Laser , CO2 Laser , Ar-Ion Laser , Excimer Laser , Dye Laser. Non –Linear Optics: Origins of Non-Linear Polarization , relation between induced Polarization and Electric Field , Non – Linear Optical Coefficient , SHG , Phase Matching Experimental verification.

Interaction of Light and Sound: Scattering of Light by Sound, RamanNath and Bragg diffraction , Defration of light by Sound , Intensity modulation . Optical Communication: Advances in optical Communication, Optical Network.

ELD0: Project

Student project of 200 marks of duration 6 months in the area of electronics hardware/software. Normally students are encouraged to undertake these projects in industrial/research organizations. In such case the student/batch of student will have one external guide and one internal guide

UEL10: Pharmaceutical Instrumentation

Introduction to Chemical Instrumental Analysis, advantages over classical methods, classification, various units used in chemical analysis. Introduction to Electroanalytical methods, potentiometry, voltametry, coulometry.

Spectrometric Methods-I:

• Laws of Photometry, Instrument components, UV-visible instrument component, photocolorimeters, single and double beam instruments, various types of UV-visible spectrophotometers.
• Atomic absorption spectrophotometer: Principle, working, hollow cathode lamp, atomizer, back-ground correction.

Spectrometric Methods-II: IR spectroscopy: Principle, IR sources, IR detectors, dispersive and Fourier , Transform IR spectroscopy. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle, types, Flame photometer, DC arc and AC arc excitation, plasma excitation.

Spectrometric Methods-III and Miscellaneous Instruments: Fluorimeters and Phosphorimeters: Principle, spectrofluorimeters, spectrophosporimeter, Raman effect, Raman spectrometer

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry: Chemical shift, principle, working of NMR, FT-NMR Gas analysers: CO, CO2, Hydrocarbons, O2, NOx

Separative Methods: Chromatography: Classification, Gas chromatography: principle, constructional details, GC detectors, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): principle, constructional details, HPLC detectors Radioactive instrumentation and Refractometry: X-ray spectrometry: Instrumentation for Xray spectrometry, X-ray diffractometer: Bragg’s law, Auger emission spectroscopy, Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA). Radiation detectors: Ionisation chamber, Geiger- Muller counter, proportional counter, scintillation counters, Refractometry: Principle, Abbe and Differential refractometer.

Electron microscopy:TEM & SEM- principles, instrumentation and analysis, scanning  tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, principles, instrumentation and analysisapplications

UEL105: Communication Technical Skills

This will be self study module where students will be assigned case studies reading material in the areas of technical writing, Group discussion, Management & Communication Skills.

Here Students has to participate in the

• Group discussion in topic related to electronics ( 25%)
• Answer paper in the area of management and communication skills ( 25%)
• Has to write /compile technical papers & present (25%)
• Modeling of electronics systems ( 25%)

Annexure   III

Paper I: Research Methodology: Experimental

Methods of material Preparation: crystal growth, single crystal, zone melting, Epitaxy, compaction and sintering, methods of quenching, sol-gel process, deposition technique, chemical analysis. Vacuum Technique: production and measurement of vacuum, Different types of vacuum systems and gauges, their working, limitation and leak Detection. Methods of characterization: X-ray and neutron Diffraction, Raman, IR, Ultraviolet, Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Transport and Magnetic Measurement Techniques, NMR and ESR, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetric etc. Principles and Applications. Computer programming and Numerical Techniques: C/Fortran programming, error definition, Error propagation, Finite difference calculus, Interpolation and extrapolation, Roots of equations, solutions of simultaneous linear Algebraic equation, Linear and non linear least square curve fitting, Numerical differentiation and integration, Fourier transform techniques, numerical solutions of ordinary differential Equations, Matrix Eigen Value Problem, Monte Carlo and maximum entropy methods

Paper II-1: Bomedical Instrumentaion & Mesurements

• Introduction to Biomedical Instumentation
  • Biometrics, Components of Man-Measurement system, Physiological system of body, problems encountered in measuring a living System, Basic transducer principle, Source of Bioelectric Potential, Skin contact Impedance, Electrodes: ECG, EEG, EMG, Microelectrodes
• Cardiovascular Mesurements.
  • Heart and cardiovascular system, characteristics of blood flow, Electrocardiography, measurement for Blood Pressure, Plethysmography.
• Non-Invasive Diagnostic Imaging
  • X-Ray, CT, MRI, fMRI, PET and SPECT, Ultrasound, Optical Tomography Biotelemetry Introduction to Biotelemetry, Physiological parameters Adaptable to Biotelemetry, The components of Biotelemetry System, Implantable Units, Applications of telemetry in-Patient care.
• Instrumentation For Clinical Laboratory
  • The Blood, Test for Blood cells, chemical Tests, Automation of chemical Test
• The Laser Application in Biomedical Field:
  • Pulse Ruby, ND-YAG, Helium-Neon, Argon, CO2 LASER.
• Noise Reduction Technique In Electronics Systems
  • Introduction, cabling, grounding, balancing and filtering, shielding, contact protection,
  • Intrinsic Niose Source, Active device Noise, and Electrostatic discharge.

Paper II-2: System Design Using Advanced Microcontrollers

• Architecture of 80C196 Family of Microcontrollers
• Programming of 80C196 Family of Microcontrollers
• Peripherals of 80C196 Family of Microcontrollers
• Architecture of ARM Family of Microcontrollers
• Programming of ARM Family of Microcontrollers
• Peripherals of ARM Family of Microcontrollers

Device Platform implementation : Kiel and ARM based IDE Development Board & Windows based Wise-96 Software, ARM9TDMI boards and software development tools (Arm Developer Suite, ADS). Programming Language: Assembly Language & ‘C’

Paper II-3: Modeling Of Digital Systems Using HDL

Introduction to PLDs & FPGAs :ROMs, Logic array (PLA), Programmable array logic, GAL, bipolar PLA, NMOS PLA, PAL 1L, Altera logic cell array (LCA) – I/O Block –Programmable interconnect – Xilinx – 3000 series and 000 series FPGAs. Altera CPLDs altera FLEX 10K series PLDs, Cyclone , Startix. Placement and routing : Mincut based placement – iterative improvement placement– Routing: Segmented channel routing – Maze routing – Routability and routing resources – Net delays.

Introduction to VHDL: Digital system design process – Hardware simulation – Levels of abstraction – VHDL requirements – Elements of VHDL – Top down design VHDL operators – Timing – Concurrency – Objects and classes – Signal assignments – Concurrent and sequential assignments. Structural, Data flow & Behavioral description of hardware in VHDL :Parts library – Wiring of primitives – Wiring of iterative networks – Modeling a test bench – Top down wiring components – Subprograms. Multiplexing and data selection – State machine descriptions – Open collector gates – Three state bussing. - Process statement – Assertion statement – Sequential wait statements – Formatted ASCII I/O operations MSI based  design. Introduction to Verilog HDL :Lexical conventions – Data types – System tasks and Compiler Directives- Modules and Ports- Gate Level Modeling with Examples.