Suresh Gyan Vihar University Courses

M.Sc. (Microbiology)

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Duration: 2 Years

Eligibility: Graduation

Course Structure

Sem.	Sub. Code/ Q. paper code	Title	Marks			Time (Hrs.)
			IA	Sem. End Exam	Total
1	I Bio MB 101	Cell Biology	30	70	100	3
	I Bio MB 102	Immunology	30	70	100	3
	I Bio MB 103	Biochemical Techniques	30	70	100	3
	I Bio MB 104	Molecular Biology and Genetics	30	70	100	3
		Practical I – Cell Biology & Immunology Practical II –Biochemical Techniques & Molecular Biology and Genetics	30   30	20   20	50   50	6   6
II	II Bio MB 105	Environmental  Biotechnology	30	70	100	3
	II Bio MB 106	Biochemistry	30	70	100	3
	II Bio MB 107	Microbial Diversity and Physiology	30	70	100	3
	II Bio MB 108	Genetic Engineering	30	70	100	3
		Practical III – Environmental Biotechnology & Biochemistry Practical IV – Microbial Diversity, Physiology and Genetic Engineering	30   30	20   20	50   50	6   6
III	III Bio MB 109	Medical Microbiology	30	70	100	3
	III Bio MB 110	Virology	30	70	100	3
	III Bio MB 111	Bioprocess technology	30	70	100	3
	III Bio MB 112	Biostatistics and Bioinformatics	30	70	100	3
		Practical V- Medical Microbiology and Virology Practical – VI – Bioprocess technology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics	30   30	20   20	50   50	6   6
IV	IV Bio MB 113	Elective paper (Independent Study )			100
	IV Bio MB 114	Project work	120	80	200

 

 

Course Detail

Semester – I

I Bio MB: 101- Cell Biology

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Plasma membrane

Ultrastructure of cell,cell theory,exceptions of cell theory. Membrane bilayer - Composition and structure: Models, fluidity, Liposomes. Membrane associated receptors.

Membrane proteins – types ,Flippases, protein of RBC membrane ,RBC ghost,  porins  and  aquaporin. and membrane transport system.

Unit - II

Cell organelles and secretion

Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes. Internalization of macromolecules and particles : endo and exocytosis.

Unit – III

Mittochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation. Chloloplast and Photo phosphorylation.

Nucleus : Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromosomes and their structural organization, ribosomes

Unit - IV

Cell division and cell cycle :

Cell cycle and its regulation, regulation of cell division Go-G1 transition check points in cell cycle,chromosome movements.

Mutation and its types ,molecular basis of mutation.

Cytoskeleton . topography,microtubules,microfilaments

Unit - V

Signal transduction

Cell cell signaling, Signal Transduction cascades. Receptor triggerd phosphorylation cascade, G protein,G protein coupled receptor, functions of cell surface receptor, pathways of intracellular signal transduction.

Cascade, cyclic CAMP as a second messenger, protein kinases, receptor mediated hydrolysis of phosphotidyl inositol, IP3, Diacyl glycerol, calcium ion as a cytosolic messenger.

Cancer

Properties of tumor cells,tumor suppressor genes and carcinogenic effects of chemical and radiations Apoptosis, difference between nacrosis and apoptosis ,pathways, regulation and effectors in apoptosis

Cell cell interaction ,cell –cell adhesion ,specialized junction ,desmosomes,gap junction ,adhesion molecules,cadherins and connexins

 

I Bio MB 102 : Immunology

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

History of Immunology 

Types of immunity – Innate and acquired - Passive and Active. Cells and Organs of Immune System:-Lymphoid cells; Stem cells, B and T Lymphocytes, Natural killer cells, Mononuclear phagocytes, Granulocytic cells. Organs: Thymus, Bone Marrow, Lymphatic system, Lymph nodes, Spleen.

Unit - II

Antigens and Antibodies

Antigenicity, immunogeuecity and Antigens :, Structure, properites, types, – iso and allo – haptens; adjuvants, Epitopes, superantigens, Immunoglobulins – structure –properties (physico chemical and biological); Monoclonal Antibodies, and Hybridoma technology

Unit - III

Antigen-Antibody Interaction

Generation of humoral and cell mediated immune response, Major Histocompatibility Complex,General structure and function of MHC,MHC Molecules and Genes ,Antigen Processing and presentation T-Cell Receptors,T-Cell Maturation and Differentiation. B-Cell Generation, Activation & Differentiation.Antibody mediated effector functions, Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Unit - IV

Regulation of immune response

Cytokines and their role in immune regulation. Immune Effecter Mechanism-Cytokinesis structure ,receptor ,and function. (Properties, receptors, antagonisis & secretion) Hypersensitive reactions (Type I,II,III and delayed type (DTH) Tumor immunology, Transplantation Technology and Autoimmunity ,AIDS and other Immuno deficiencies, Vaccines -Types of vaccines-Genetically designed vaccines. BCG, TB & Leprosy, DNA vaccines, Complement system.

Unit - V

Immunological techniques and their principles

Invitro of immunological methods – agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, ELISA,       RadioImmunoassays – Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis  –  Isoelectric  focusing  –  cytotoxicity  assay  , Immunohistochemistry.  

 

I Bio MB 103:  Biochemical  Techniques

Max. Marks: 70 

Time: 3Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Electrophoretic techniques

Principle, types and affecting factors. Instrumentation and application of paper, gel, SDS- PAGE , Isoelectric focusing, 2-DGel electrophoresis , Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. Membrane filtration and dialysis

Unit - II

Centrifugation techniques

Principle and technique of preparative and analytical centrifugation, differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultracentrifuge and its application

Unit - III

Chromatographic Techniques

Principle, technique and applications of Paper, TLC, Ion-Exchange, molecular sieve, affinity chromatography and adsorption chromatography,. Gas chromatography, HPLC

Unit - IV

Spectroscopic technique

Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of UV, Visible and IR spectrophotometers. Optical Rotatory Dichroism and Circular Dichroism . Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ESR , X-Ray Crystallography and Mass Spectrometry. Flame Photometry.

Unit - V

Radio chemical methods -   Nature of radioactivity, types of radioactivity, radioactive decay, units of radioactivity. Radioisotopes: Detection and measurement of radioactivity. Geiger counters, scintillation counters, autoradiography.   Microscopy: light, phase-contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy

 

I Bio MB 104 : Molecular Biology and Genetics 

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Introduction  to Molecular Biology and Genetics

DNA Replication. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, Enzymes ( Like DNA  Polymerases,Topoisomerases etc)  and accessory proteins involved in DNA replication. Inhibitors or DNA replication ( blocking precursor synthesis, nucleotide polymerziation, altering DNA structure)

DNA damage and repair: types of DNA damage (deamination) oxidative damage, alkylatoin, pyrimidine dimers). repair pathways-methyl-directed mismatch repair, very short patch repair, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, SOS system. Mutations: nature of mutations; mutagens

Unit - II

Transcription

Structural features of RNA (rRNA, tRNA and mRNA) and relation to function Polycistronic and monocistronic RNAs, Prokaryotic transcription, Comparison  with Eukaryotic transcription, Maturation and processing of RNA : methylation, cutting and trimming of rRNA; capping, polyadenylation and splicing of mRNA; cutting and modification of tRNA degradation system. Catalytic RNA group I and group II intron splicing RNase P.

Unit - III

Translation

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, Mechanisms of initation, elongation and termination, post-translational modifications of proteins. Synthesis of Secretory and membrane proteins. Helix turn Helix. Zinc fingers and Leucine Zippers,Chimeric activators, squelching

Unit - IV

Antisense and Ribozyme

Technology,Applications of antisense and ribozyme technology.Gene transfer mechanisms- transformation, transduction, conjugation and transfection. Plasmids, F-Factors, Colicins and col factors. Plasmids as vectors for gene cloning. Replication of  plasmids and compatibility.

Unit - V

Regulation  of  bacterial  gene  expression 

Operon  model  –  lac,  ara ,and trp   operon concept, catabolite repression, positive and negative regulation, inducers and corepressors.  Negative regulation –  regulation by attenuation –  his and  trp operons;  antitermination  –  N  protein  and  nut  sites  .    Induction   and  repression  mechanism  in operons. Global regulatory responses : heat shock response, stringent response and regulation by small molecules such as ppGpp and cAMP.

 

Semester - II

II Bio MB 105 : Environmental Biotechnology  

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Environment-basic concepts and issues;Sources of water pollution .Natural resources and its management.Sources of water pollution.Waste water treatment,Process,stages  methods:Aerobic Processes-Oxidation ponds,rotating discs,rotating drums;Anaerobic processes-Anaerobic digestion,anaerobic filters,Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. Pollution indicators – BOD and COD determinations.

Unit - II

Microbial  degradation of xenobiotics in Environment-Ecological hydrocarbons, oil pollution, surfactants, pesticides. Solid wastes :Sources and management. Types of solid wastes, sources, problems associated with it. solid waste management, landfilling, incineration, composting, vermiculture and methane production.

Unit - III

Biodegradation and biodegradation of naturally occurring compounds.Biodegradation of cellulose, lignin, cellulose. Bioremediation concepts, types of bioremediation.In situ Ex situ process of bioremediation.Advantages of bioremediation.

Unit - IV

Biopesticides, plant, biochemical, microbial pesticides. Advantages and disadvantages of microbial pesticides and insecticides.Global environmental problems:UV-B and Ozone depletion, Green house effect and acid rain, their effects and biotechnological approaches for management. Methiodology of environmental management –the problem solving approach, its limitation.

Unit - V

Genetically modified organism,uses of GMO and transgenic animal ,benefis and controversies of GM product. Classical plant breeding,molecualar basis of genetic modification and crop improvement programmes, GM food crops, biotechnology in controlling crop diseases, weeds, insects and pests.

Seed-biology, technology and role in agriculture, Seed certification, seed banks, terminator gene technology and implications, plant as chemical and pharmaceutical factories, biosafety and GM food crops,International and local regulations.

 

II Bio MB 106: Biochemistry

Max. Marks: 70

 Time: 3Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Carbohydrates

classification of carbohydrates. Optical and chemical Properties of Monosaccharides. Occurrence , structure and biological functions of disaccharides  and polysaccharides Metabolism of carbohydrate: Glycolysis ,TCA cycle , HMP Pathway and gluconeogenesis .

Unit - II

Lipids

Classification of lipids. Fatty acids-structure, types and their physiochemical properties. Structure and biological role of  TAG, phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol . Structure and biological role of lipoproteins and prostaglandins. Metabolism of lipid: cholesterol biosynthesis ,biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

Unit - III

Protein

Amino acid structure, classification and Physiochemical properties of the amino acids.   stability and formation of the peptide bond. Proteins structure- primary, Secondary structure Ramchandran plot. Tertiary structure and quaternary structure. Protein sequencing. metabolism: amino acid biosynthesis and urea cycle.

Unit - IV

Nucleic acids

Composition and structure of nucleic acid . Types of DNA  (B,A,C and Z forms). Forces stabilizing nucleic acid structure. Effect of temperature salts , acid, alkali and enzymes on nucleic acid structure. Types of RNA- Secondary and tertiary structure. Nucleoproteins . DNA – Protein interaction.   Fractionation and analysis of nucleic acids. Metabolism of nucleic acid : Biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine

Unit - V

Enzymes and bioenergetics :

Basics of pH, acid –base and buffers .law of thermodynamics , Gibbs free energy and standard potential .Enzymes :enzyme classification,nomenclature , specificity, active site, unit of  activity.  Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis – Menton equation, determination of  kinetic  parameters (Vmax ,Km)  enzyme  inhibition , Enzyme catalysis , Enzyme regulation :feed back and allosteric regulation. Enzyme immobilization.

 

II Bio MB 107 :Microbial Diversity and Physiology  

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Ultra structure and function of Bacteria. Morphological  types;  cell  wall characteristics,L-forms  and  Archaebacteria,  Cell  wall  synthesis,  capsule  types ,composition and function.  Cell membranes in eubacteria, archabacteria and cyanobacteria.  Structure and function of flagella, cilia and pili, gas vesicles, chlorosomes, carboxysomes, magnetosomes and phycobilisomes. Plasmids and its types. Types of Reserve  food materials . New approaches to bacterial taxonomy, classification including ribotyping; Ribosomal RNA sequencing; Characteristics of primary domains; Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Bergey's Manual.

Unit - II

Cultivation of bacteria; anaerobic, aerobic culture media, growth curve, growth kinetics, batch, continuous culture, growth measurements, factors affecting growth, control of bacteria-physical and chemical agents. Types of bacteria on the basis of energy and nutritional requirement. Pure culture techniques (spread plate, pour plate, streak plate), preservation methods

Nutritional classification of microorganisms- chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganisms. Photosynthesis in microorganisms, oxygenic  –  anoxygenic photosynthesis – autotrophic generation of ATP; fixation of CO2 – Calvin cycle – C3 – C4 pathways.

Unit - III

Chemolithotrophy; Hydrogen, Iron, Nitrate and oxidizing bacteria; Nitrate and sulfate reduction; Syntrophy,Role of anoxic decomposition; Nitrogen metabolism; Nitrogen fixation; Hydrocarbon transformation. Survival at extreme environments – starvation – adaptative mechanisms in thermophilic, alkalophilic, osmophilic and psychrophilic.  Bioluminescence  - mechanism & advantages.

Unit - IV

Microbial respiration and fermentative pathway

Respiratory metabolism –Enter Doudroff pathway – glyoxalate pathway ,oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation –Fermentation of carbohydrates – homo and heterolactic fermentations.  Endospore  –  structure  –   properties,  germination and dormancy

Unit - V

Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial agents

Types of toxins(Exotoxin, Endotoxin and Entreotoxin) and their structure; mode of actions; virulence and pathogenesis.Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial agents; Sulfa drugs; Antibiotics; Penicillins and Cephalosporins; Broad-Spectrum antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes; Antifungal antibiotics; Mode of action; Resistance to antibiotics.

General classification and Economic importance of  algae and fungi.

 

II Bio MB 108:  Genetic Engineering

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Scope of Genetic Engineering ,Milestones in Genetic Engineering- Core techniques(Blotting techniques,electrophoresis and  Autoradiography) and essential enzymes used in rDNA technology-- Restriction enzymes,modification enzymes-Ligases ,DNA and RNA polymerasesTerminal transferase ,Molecular Markers ,Nucleic Acid  isolation ,separation , Purification,Yield Analysis

Unit - II

Cloning -Principles of gene cloning, Types of cloning, Gene Cloning Vectors- Plasmids,bacteriophages,phagemids,cosmids.Artificial chromosomes, Shuttle vectors. cDNA Synthesis and Cloning -- mRNA enrichment, reverse transcription,Linkers and adaptors.

Unit - III

Library construction and screening -Genomic, Chromosomal, cDNA Library. Restriction Mapping of DNA fragments. The labeling of DNA with radiolucleotides

Screening of libraries: Oligonucleotide, cDNA and antibody probes, Analysis of DNA-Protein Interactions. Electromobility shift assay, DNA Footprinting. Methods of DNA and genome Sequencing

DNA transfection methods, Primer extension method, SI mapping, RNase protection assays, Reporter genes and their assays. Cloning    interacting  genes. Two and three hybrid systems, cloning differentially expressed genes. Nucleic   acid   microarray arrays. Chromosome walking.

Unit - IV

PCR, types and its applications .Multiplex, Nested, RT PCR. Site-directed Mutagenesis and Protein Engineering.

Unit - V

Recombinant protein technology :

Design and use of expression vectors, selection of suitable promoter sequences, ribosome binding sites, transcription terminator, fusion protein tags, purification tags, protease cleavage sites and enzymes, plasmid copy number.

 Processing   of Recombinant proteins- Stabilization of proteins. Phage  Display, Inclusion Bodies, solubilization  of insoluble  proteins.

 Expression Strategies for Heterologous Genes- Codon optimization, expression in bacteria, expression in yeast, expression in insects and expression in mammalian cells.

Gene therapy: Somatic and germ line gene therapy in vivo and  ex-vivo. Gene silencing.

 

 

Semester – III

III Bio MB 109 :      Medical Microbiology

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Introduction

Early  discovery  of  pathogenic  microorganisms;  development  of  bacteriology  as scientific discipline; contributions made by eminent scientists.  Classification of medically important micro organisms.

Estsblishment, spreading, tissue damage and anti- phagocytic factors; mechanism of bacterial adhesion , colonization and invasion of mucous membranes of respritory, enteric and urinogenital tracts, Role of aggressins, depolymerising enzymes, organotropisms, variation and virulence. Organs and cells involved in immune system and immune response

Unit II

Chemical conditions and diagnosis of the following  diseases.

Disease	Pathogen
Pneumonia	Streptococcus pneumoniae
Whooping –cough	Bordetalla pertusis
Meningitis	Haemophlius influenzae
Diptheria	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pulmonary Tuberculosis	Mycobacterium tuberculoss
Typhoid	Salmonella typhi
Cholera	Vibrio cholerae
Syphilis	Treponema pallidum
Gonorrhea	Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Dysentery	Shigella dyseneteriae
Gasteroenteritis	Clostridium botulinum

Unit - III

Classification of pathogenic bacteria

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Neissseria, Cornebacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium, Non sporing Anaerobes,  Organisms belonging to  Enterobacteriacea,  Vibrios, Non   fermenting   gram   negative   bacilli   Yersinia, Haemophilus; Bordetella,   Bucella; Mycobacteria, Spirochaetes, Actinomycstes, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae.

Unit - IV

Viral, protozoan and helminth – Common diseases

Virus: Small pox, Influenza, Measles, Poliomyelitis, Common cold (Rhino virus), Hepatitis,  Encephalitis, Rabies, AIDS.  Protozoa:  Amoebiasis –  Entamoeba histolytic, Malaria  –  Plasmodium  vivax,  P.  Malariae.    Helminths:  Liverfluke  –  Fasciola  hepatica, Filariosis  –   Wauheria  bancrofti.    Hospital  acquired  infection:    Hospital  infections Principles of control committee – functions; Hospital waste disposal – Ethical committee – functions.

Unit - V

Various methods of drug susceptiblity testing, antibiotic assay in body fluids. Brief account of available vaccines and Schedules; passive prophylactic measures; Noscomical infection, common types of hospital infections and their diagnosis and control

 

III Bio MB 110   :   Virology

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

General Virology

Breif outline on discovery of viruses, nomenclature and classification of viruses : distinctive properties of viruses; morphology & ultrastructure; capsid & their arrangements; types of envelope and their composition-viral genome, their types and structures; virus related agents (Viroids, Prions)

Unit - II

General methods of Diagnosis and serology

Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals , cell cultures, Primary & secondary cell cultures, suspension cell cultures and monolayer cell cultures, cell strains, cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods - heamagglutination & HAI; complement fixation; immune- fluorescene methods, ELISA and Rodiommunoassays; assay of viruses physical and chemical methods (Protein, nucleic acid, radioactivity tracers, electron microscopy)-Infectivity assay ( plaque method, end point method)- Infectivity of plant viruses.

Unit - III

Bacterial viruses

Bacteriophage structural organisation; life cycle; one step growth curve; transcription; DNA replication; eclipse phase; phage production; burst size; lysogenic cycle; bacteriophage typing; application in bacterial genetics; brief details on M13,Mu, T3,T4 and Lamda P1

Unit - IV

Plant viruses

Classifications and nomenclature effects of viruses on plant; appearence of plants; histology, physiology and cytology of plants; common viruses of Cyanobacteria, algae, fungi; life cycle; type species of plant viruses like TMV, Cauliflower Mosiac Virus and Potato virusX; transmission of plant viruses with vectors( insects, Cauliflower Mosiac Virus and Potato VirusX; transmission of plant viruses with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without vectors ( contact, seed and pollens); diagnostic techniques in seeds; seed stocks and diseased plants (seed morphology, seedling symptology, indicator plants, serological methods, histochemical tests and flourescent microscopy); Prevention of crop loss due to virus infection - virus -free planting material; vector control.

Unit - V

Animal Viruses

Classification and nomenclature of animal human viruses; epidemiology, lifecycle, pathogenicity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA viruses ; Picorna, Ortho Myxo, paramyxo, Toga and other arthopod viuses, Rhabdo, Rota. HIV and other Oncogenic Viruses; DNA viruses. Pox, Herpes, Adeno SV40; Hepatitis viruses, viral vaccines (conventional vaccines, genetic recombinant vaccines used in national immunisation programmes with examples, new generation vaccines including DNA Vaccines with examples) interferons and antiviral drugs.

 

III Bio MB 111:   Bioprocess Technology

Max. Marks: 70

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering

Classification of  Bioreactors, types, Design and operation of various types of reactors, main components, peripheral parts and accessories, various control systems specialized bioreactors(pulsed,fluidised,photobioreactors etc). Isolation preservation and maintenance of industrial microrganisms,media for industrial fermentation, Air and media sterilization. Strain selection  and  improvement.

Unit - II

Types of Fermentation processes:

Batch,fed batch and continuous bioreactors. Downstream processing: Introduction, Removal of microbial cells and solid matter, foam separation, precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, cell disruptions, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, membrane process,Drying and crystallization Whole Cell immobilization and their industrial applications.

Unit - III

Industrial Production of chemicals utilizing wastes: Alcohol (ethanol)Acids(citric, acetic acid),solvents(glycerol, acetone), antibiotics(Penicillin, streptomycin,), Aminoacids (lysine, glutamic acid),Single Cell Protein. enzymes (amylase, proteases),  Fermented beverages: beer and wine. Genetically modified foods

Unit - IV

Introduction to food Technology

Principles of food processing,Elementary idea of canning and packing,sterilization and pasteurization of Food Products,Technology of typical Food/Food Products(bread,cheese idli),Food Preservation. Microbes   as   sources   of   food      (Spirulina, Saccharomyces cerviceae, Rhizopus spp).  Food borne infections and poisoning. 

Unit - V

Introduction to Dairy Technology

Microbiology of fermented milk – starter cultures, butter milk, cream yoghurt, kafir, kumiss, acidophilus   milk and cheese.

 

III Bio MB 112: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

Max. Marks: 70  

Time: 3 Hours

Total Lecture/ Unit: 12 Hours

Total Lecture/ Paper: 60 hrs

Unit - I

Definitions

Scope  of  biostatistics,  probability  analysis  –  variables  in  biology,  collection, classification and tabulation of data – graphical and diagrammatic representation – scale diagrams – historograms – frequency polygan –  frequency curves.  Measures of central tendency – arithmetic mean, median and mode – calculation of mean, median & mode in series of  individual  observations,  discrete  series  continuous  open  –  end  classes.    Measure  of dispersion  –  standard  deviation  and  standard  curves.    Measures  of  central  tendency, Analysis  of variance.

Unit - II

Correlation and regression

Simple  correlation  –  correlation  coefficient.  Regression-simple,  linear  regression. Basic ideas of significance test – Hypothesis  testing level of significance – Test based on student ‘t’ ‘chi’ square and goodness of fit.  ‘F’ test  - ANOVA.

Unit - III

Databases

Biological resource databases – Examples and application – sequence Analysis –protein and nucleic acid.

Unit - IV

Genomics and proteomics

Sequencing genomes – sequence assembly – genome on the web – annotating and analyzing genome sequences.  proteomics – biochemical pathway databases.

Unit - V

Sequence analysis

Pair wise sequence comparison.  protein data bank, Swiss-prot, Genebank – sequence queries  against  biological  databases  –  BLAST  and  FASTA  –  multifunctional  tools  for sequence analysis.  multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic alignment – profiles and motifs.

 

Semester - IV

IV Bio MB   113: Elective Paper

The Elective paper in the M.Sc. Semester IV will be based on detailed review report on one of the courses listed in the syllabus.The student will make a complete report in about 100 pages that shall be evaluated by the course co-ordinator and one internal teacher.The marks will be awarded internally. It is proposed to include the following areas as part of elective papers.

1. Proteomics,functional genomics and therapeutic genomics.
2. Topics on human genetics and genetic dissection of heritable diseases and detection of associated mutations and diagnostics based on PCR.
3. Technologies being adapted for further applications like closing of animal with a capacity to produce human macromolecules.

 

IV Bio Paper MB   114: Dissertation / Project Work

The Project work will involve in depth practical work on a problem suggested by the supervisor of the candidate. The student will submit the dissertation of the work done. The dissertation submitted by the candidate shall be evaluated by one external expert, head of the department and supervisor of the candidate. The seminars, in-plant training and industrial visit reports will also be submitted by the candidate to the Head of the Department who will submit these to the external examiner. The examination shall be held in the department and the disertation etc. will NOT be required to be mailed to the external examiner. The distribution of the marks will be as under.