M.A. (History)
Duration:
2 Years
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Eligibility:
Graduation
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Course Structure
Course Code
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Course Title
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Semester I
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HIS 121
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Theories and Methods of History
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HIS 122
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Twentieth Century World – I (1900-1939)
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HIS 123
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History and Culture of Medieval Rajasthan-I (Earliest times – 1761 A.D)
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HIS (A) 124
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History of Ancient India – I (Earliest times -6th Century B.C)
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HIS 124 (B)
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Medieval Indian History (1000-1320 A.D)
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HIS 125
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Seminar
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HIS 124 (C)
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Modern Indian History (1757-1856 A.D)
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Semester - II
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HIS 221
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Approaches and Visions of History
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HIS 222
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Twentieth Century World -II
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HIS 223
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History and Culture of Modern Rajasthan (1761-1949 A.D)
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HIS 224 (A)
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Ancient Indian History -II (600 B.C- 78 A.D)
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HIS 224 (B)
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Medieval Indian History -II (1320-1526 A.D)
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HIS 224 (C)
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Modern Indian History -II (1857-1905 A.D)
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HIS 225
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Seminar
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Semester - III
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HIS 321
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Historical Tourism in India
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HIS 322
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Women in Indian History
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HIS 323 (A)
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Ancient Indian History (78-300 A.D)
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HIS 324 (A)
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Ancient Indian Art and Architecture -I
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HIS 325 (A)
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Indian Archeology -I
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HIS 323 (B)
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History of Medieval India (1526-1605 A.D)
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HIS 324 (B)
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Political and Administrative Institutions of Medieval India - I
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HIS 325 (B)
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Social Life in Medieval India
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HIS 323 (C)
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A History of Modern India (1907-1964)
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HIS 324 (C)
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Social History of Modern India
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HIS 325 (C)
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Gandhian Thought -I
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Semester - IV
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HIS 421
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Historical Tourism in Rajasthan
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HIS 422 (A)
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Ancient Indian History (300-650 A.D.)
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HIS 423 (A)
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Ancient Indian Art and Architecture -II
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HIS 424 (A)
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Indian Archaeology -II
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HIS 422 (B)
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History of Medieval India (1605-1761)
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HIS 423 (B)
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Political and Administrative Institutions of Medieval India -II
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HIS 424 (B)
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Economic Life and Institutions in Medieval India
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HIS 422 (C)
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Administrative and Constitutional History of Modern India
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HIS 423 (C)
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Economic History of Modern India
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HIS 424 (C)
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Gandhian Thought –II
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HIS 425
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Dissertation
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Course Syllabus
Semester - I
HIS 121 Theories and Methods of History
Unit I
- Meaning and relevance of History.
- Nature and scope of History: Ancillary and Auxiliary branches of history.
Unit II
- Historical Fact and Interpretation
- Idea of Progress in History.
Unit III
- Causation, Objectivity and Generalisation in History.
Unit IV
- Theories of History – Cyclical with special reference to Spengler and Toynbee.
Unit V
- Positivism and Idealism
- Linear Theories of History – Christian, Marx, Hegel and Acton.
HIS 122 Twentieth Century World – I (1900-1939)
Unit I
- Ideologies of Twentieth Century: Imperialism, Nationalism, Socialism and Capitalism.
- Impact of these ideologies on the world.
Unit II
- First World War – Course and the Consequences.
- Paris Peace Settlement and its results.
- League of Nations – its objectives and limitations.
Unit III
- Revolution of 1905.
- Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.
- Russian Revolution of 1917 – causes, nature and its impact.
Unit IV
- World between two World Wars.
- Nazism, Fascism and Militarism in Japan.
- The Great Economic Depression and its Consequences.
Unit V
- Second World War – Causes and Consequences, Nationalist Movements and the process of Decolonization in Asia.
HIS 123 History and Culture of Medieval Rajasthan-I (Earliest times – 1761 A.D)
Unit I
- Chalcolithic and Copper Age Culture in Rajasthan – Ahar, Balathal, Ganeshwar.
- A brief survey of historic Rajasthan from 600 B.C. – 700 A.D. Matsya Janpada, Republican Tribes.
Unit II
- Origin of the Rajputs, State formation with particular reference to Mewar.
- Political and Cultural Achievements of Pratiharas and Chauhans.
Unit III
- Political and Cultural Achievements of Maharana Kumbha, Maldeo and Sanga.
Unit IV
- Rajputs and the Central Authority: Man Singh of Amber, Rai Singh of Bikaner , Jaswant Singh of Marwar, Maharana Pratap and Chandrasen.
Unit V
- Religious Movements: Meerabai and Dadu.
- Fort and Temple Architecture.
- Rajput schools of Paintings.
HIS (A) 124 History of Ancient India – I (Earliest times -6th Century B.C)
Unit I
- A study of the Sources of Ancient Indian History of India from the beginning upto 6th Century B.C. Inscriptions, coins, Literature, Greek writings etc.
- Salient features of Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures
Unit II
- The Indus Saraswati Civilization; Origin,Extent and the main features-Town Planning , Craft Specialization, Trade and Commerce, Religious beliefs and Practices, Art .
Unit III
- Decline of the late Harappan Cultures.
- Ironage Cultures: Painted Grey Ware (PGW) Cultures
Unit IV
- Northern Black Polished Ware(NBP)Cultures
- Megaliths
Unit V
- The Vedic Literature
- The early and Later Vedic Cultures: polity, society, economy and religion.
- The Vedic Saraswati river and evidence for its historicity.
HIS 124 (B) Medieval Indian History (1000-1320 A.D)
Unit I
- Sources of the History of Medieval India
- Historians and their writings-Minhas –us-Siraj, Amir Khusroe, Zia-ud-din Barani,Ibn Batuta and Isami
Unit II
- Ghazanavid and Ghorid Invasions-Nature and Impact.
- Turkish Conquest of Northern India.
Unit III
- Establishment and consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate.
- Achievements of Iltutmish .
Unit IV
- Consolidation of Sultanate under Balban, Theory of Kingship
- The Khalji Revolution. Khalji Imperialism and its resistance.
Unit V
- Ala-ud-din Khilji : Market Control, land reforms and Military reforms
HIS 124 (C) Modern Indian History (1757-1856 A.D)
Unit I
- Understanding Modern India –Archival Sources and News Papers.
- Interpretations : Imperialist, Nationalist and Marxist.
- Establishment of British Rule – Bengal 1757 – 1772
Unit II
- III Battle of Panipat, Anglo Maratha Relations and the role of Mahadji and Nana Phadnavis.
- Failure of the Marathas.
Unit III
- Anglo – Mysore relations – Hyder Ali and Tipu.
- Rise of Sikhs in Punjab, Ranjit Singh, Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab and Awadh.
Unit IV
- Growth of Paramountcy.
- Resistance to colonial rule: Pre 1857
- Peasant and Tribal Resistance.
Unit V
- Out break of 1857 –Causes and Nature
- Important leaders of the Uprising and British repression.
HIS 125 Seminar
Semester - II
HIS 221 Approaches and Visions of History
Unit I
- Tradition of Historiography – Ancient : Greaco –Roman, Chinese and Indian
Unit II
- Tradition of Historiography – Medieval : Arabic and Persian.
Unit III
- Tradition of Historiography – Modern : Positivist – Ranke, Annales School (Marc Bloch, Lucien, Febvre, Fernand Braudel)
Unit IV
- Post Modernist Approach to History: Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida; Impact on historiography
Unit V
- Approaches to History – Nationalist, Marxist, Cambridge and Subaltern (with reference to historical writings on India)
HIS 222 Twentieth Century World -II
Unit I
- Cold War and its consequences : Emergence of Uni - Polar World.
- Communist Revolution in China and its impact on World Politics.
Unit II
- UNO and World Peace.
- A brief survey of Tensions and conflicts in Palestine, Cuba, Korea, and Vietnam.
- Non-aligned movements and its role in World affairs.
Unit III
- Third World Countries – Social Problems: Health and Education.
- Economic Problems: Poverty and Development.
Unit IV
- The Birth of European Union.
- New Emerging Economic Powers- China, Brazil and India.
Unit V
- Human Rights Movement, Apartheid and Feminism.
- Globalization-Nature and Impact.
- Environment- Global Warming.
HIS 223 History and Culture of Modern Rajasthan (1761-1949 A.D)
Unit I
- Maratha Interference in Rajasthan.
- British Treaties with the Princely States of Rajasthan in the early nineteenth century.
Unit II
- Social and Cultural Awakening- Walter Sabha, Desh Hiteshini and Arya Samaj
- Social Legislation and Change
Unit III
- Monopoly of Salt and Opium Trade.
- Agrarian Unrest : Tribal and Peasant Movements- Bhil, Bhagat and Bijolia Movements.
Unit IV
- Growth of Modern Education
- Administrative and Judicial Changes after 1818.
Unit V
- Freedom Struggle in Rajasthan- Praja Mandal and Revolutionary Movements.
- Process of Integration of the states of Rajasthan.
HIS 224 (A) Ancient Indian History -II (600 B.C- 78 A.D)
Unit I
- Religious Movements- Jainism and Buddhism
- Their Origin and contribution to the Indian Culture.
Unit II
- Rise of Magadhan Imperialism upto the Nandas
- The Mauryan Empire: Sources and historiography
- Chandragupta Maurya- early career, conquests and extent of the empire
Unit III
- Ashoka - Kalinga War and its consequences
- Ashoka and Buddhism
- Ashokan Dhamma-its nature,characteristics and significance.
- Nature of the Mauryan State and its administrative organization
Unit IV
- Decline of the Mauryan Empire
- Mauryan Society, Economy, Art and Architecture
- Significance of Mauryan Empire in the Indian History
Unit V
- The Shungas and their Achievements
- Indo greeks
- The Sakas of western India
HIS 224 (B) Medieval Indian History -II (1320-1526 A.D)
Unit I
- Sources of the History of Medieval India.
Unit II
- The disintegration of the central authority
- The rise of the provincial kingdoms- Bahamani and Vijaynagar Kingdoms
Unit III
- Growth of the Afghan Power, Sikandar Lodi, Theory of Afghan Sovereignity
- North Western Frontier Problem during the Delhi Sultanate
Unit IV
- Nature of the State and Theoy of Kinship
- Administration of the Delhi Sultans-Central and Provincial Administration
Unit V
- Development of Art and architecture and literature.
- Bhakti and Sufi Movements.
HIS 224 (C) Modern Indian History -II (1857-1905 A.D)
Unit I
- Aftermath of the outbreak of 1857 Queen’s Proclaimation
- Growth of British Paramountcy
Unit II
- Administrative changes after 1857 – Act of 1861 and 1892.
Unit III
- Liberal and Conservative trends in British Administration : Ripon and Curzon.
- Rise of Nationalism.
Unit IV
- Indian National Congress- Origin, Social Profile and Demands.
- Moderates and Extremist Challenge and the Rise of Agitational politics.
Unit V
- Partition of Bengal
- Swadeshi Movement.
- Frontier Policy – India and its neighbours in the North and North West
HIS 225 Seminar
Semester - III
HIS 321 Historical Tourism in India
Unit I
- Historical Tourism – Concept, Practice and Prospects
- Nature and Significance of Historical Tourism in India.
Unit II
- Indian Culture : Unity and Diversity, Spiritual and Material life.
- Contemporary Trends in Tourism- Heritage, Medical and Religious.
Unit III
A survey of tourist sites: Dholavira, Sanchi Stupa, Khajuraho temples, Ellora, Konark and Meenakshi temple.
Unit IV
- Cave Paintings – Ajanta and Bagh.
- Medieval sites : Qutub Complex, Humayun’s Tomb,Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort at Agra, Taj Mahal and Red Fort at Delhi.
Unit V
- Historical sites of Modern India: Victoria Memorial Kolkata, India Gate New Delhi and Gateway of India Mumbai.
- Museums: Salarjung Museum, National Museum
- The Role of Museums in Promoting Historical Tourism.
HIS 322 Women in Indian History
Unit I
- Women in Historical Perspective : Position of Women in Ancient and Medieval India
Unit II
- Social Reform movements during British Period: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ranade, Pandita Ramabai , Jyotiba Phule and Tarabai Shinde.
- Social Legislation related to women during the Colonial Period.: Abolition of Sati, Widow Re-Marriage and the Age of Consent bill (1891) Sharda Act.
Unit III
- Participation of women in the Indian National Movement.
- Important Women Leaders in the Freedom Movement : Sarojini Naidu, Anne Besant, Aruna Asaf Ali and Madam Bhikaji Kama
Unit IV
- Social and economic rights enshrined in the constitution of India
Unit V
- Gender Issues and Feminist Movements in Independent India- Towards Equality Report 1978 onwards.
HIS 323 (A) Ancient Indian History (78-300 A.D)
Unit I
- A survey of the sources for Ancient Indian History from 78 A.D to 300 AD.
- Origin and early History of the Satvahanas upto Satkarni I
- Revival of the Satvahana Power under Gautmiputra Satkarni.-his achievements.
Unit II
- Rise of Kushanas. Kanishka-Date, cultural and political achievements.
- Sangam Age-Chiefdoms, Literature and Society.
Unit III
- Early History of the Sakas in India.
- Western Kshatraps_ Nahapana and Rudradaman I and their achievements.
Unit IV
- The Vakatakas and their relations with the Imperial Guptas.
- Vakatakas –Society ,Religion and Art.
Unit V
- Social and Religious life and developments in art, architecture, literature and education during the periodC.78 A.D to 300 AD.
HIS 324 (A) Ancient Indian Art and Architecture -I
Unit I
- Understanding Art and Architecture
- Characteristics of Indian Art .
- Symbols and Symbolism in the Indian art.
Unit II
Unit III
- Development of art and architecture in Indus –Saraswati Civilization-town planning and architecture in the main cities, sculptures(stone, terracotta and metal figures) and seals.
Unit IV
- Study of art and architecture in the Mauryan period: palaces, pillars and sculptures
- Development of art and architecture in the Shunga and Satvahana period.
Unit V
- Origin and Evolution of Stupa architecture.
- A study of Stupas at Bharhut,Sanchi, Amravati and Nagarjunakonda with special reference to their architecture and sculpture.
HIS 325 (A) Indian Archeology -I
Unit I
- Meaning, Objective and Scope of Archaeology
- Archaeology as a source of History.
Unit II
- Archaeology in relation with other sciences- Social, Natural and Pure Sciences.
Unit III
- Theories and methods of field Archaeology:Excavation, Stratigraphy and Dating.
Unit IV
- A brief survey of Stone Age Cultures of India:Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Cultures.
Unit V
- Pre and Early Harappan cultures : Baluchistan, Sindh and Rajasthan.
HIS 323 (B) History of Medieval India (1526-1605 A.D)
Unit I
- Sources of the Period of study
- Political Condition of India in 1526.
Unit II
- Foundation of Mughal Empire and its political consequences.
- Babur’s Afghan and Rajput Polices and his administrative arrangements
Unit III
- Humayun’s Early Difficulties, the role of his brothers.
- Humayun’s relations with Bahadur Shah and Sher Shah.
- Circumstances of Humayun’s expulsion and restoration.
Unit IV
- Consolidation of Afghan rule under Sher Shah.
- Sher Shah’s administration.
Unit V
- Expansion of Mughal Empire under Akbar.
- Akbar’s relations with Rajputs, Evolution of Akbar’s religious policy
- Akbar’s north-west frontier and Deccan policies
HIS 324 (B) Political and Administrative Institutions of Medieval India - I
Unit I
- Nature and Character of Delhi Sultanate.
- Turko-Mongol theory of Sovereignty.
Unit II
- The Afghan experiment
- Mughal theory of Kingship
Unit III
- Central, Provincial and local administration of the Delhi Sultans.
- Nature of Mughal State
Unit IV
- Central, Provincial and local administration of the Mughals
Unit V
- Judicial Administration in Medieval India
HIS 325 (B) Social Life in Medieval India
Unit I
- Caste structure and the development of the caste system
Unit II
- Functioning of social institutions – Family and Marriage
- Position of Women
Unit III
- Slavery, life and conditions of the masses
- Social laws and customs.
Unit IV
- Role of nobility and ulema – Landed Aristocracy
Unit V
- Development of Feudal System, its main features.
HIS 323 (C) A History of Modern India (1907-1964)
Unit I
- Moderates and Extremists with Special Reference to Tilak and Gokhele Surat Split , Lucknow Pact and Home Rule League Movement.
Unit II
- A Brief Survey of Revolutionary Movements with Special Reference to Chandra Shekhar and Bhagat Singh.
- Growth of the Ideology of Separatism
- Muslim League under Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Unit III
- The Swarajists and the Liberals.
- Nationalism under Gandhiji, The Non Cooperation Movement.
- Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement.
Unit IV
- The Socialist and Their Role
- Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army.
- Communal Politics and Partition.
- Indian Independence.
Unit V
- Integration of the Princely States
- Idea of Economic Planning and Five Year Plans
- Panchsheel and Non Aligned Movement.
HIS 324 (C) Social History of Modern India
Unit I
- Society in India in 19th Century.
- Cultural Encounter with the West: Tradition and Modernity.
- Introduction of English Legal System and its Impact.
Unit II
- Indian Renaissance – Nature and Causes
- Ram Mohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj
- Dayanand Saraswati and Arya Samaj
Unit III
- Vivekanand and Ram Krishna Mission.
- Aligarh Movement.
- Jyoti Rao Phule and B.R. Ambedkar.
Unit IV
- Origin and Growth of Modern Education.
- Rise of Middle Class and its Role in Social Change
Unit V
- Role of Press and the Making of Modern India.
- Rise of Capitalist Class and its Role in National Movement.
HIS 325 (C) Gandhian Thought -I
Unit I
- Gandhi – The Man, Formative years, South African Experiences of Gandhi. Influences that shaped his worldview.
Unit II
- Gandhi’s Concept of Religion and Spiritualism as a Code of Conduct.
Unit III
- Gandhi’s Basic Concepts –Truth, Non violence and Satyagraha.
Unit IV
- Political Philosophy of Gandhi : Concept of Swaraj and Sarvodaya.
- A Critique of Parliamentary Democracy.
Unit V
- Gandhi’s Autobiography - “My Experiments with Truth.”
HIS 326 Synopsis
Semester - IV
HIS 421 Historical Tourism in Rajasthan
Unit I
- Historical and Geographical perspective of Rajasthan.
- Heritage Tourism in Rajasthan: Potentials and Problems.
Unit II
- Architectural and Art Heritage of Rajasthan with special reference to Forts, Temples, Palaces and Havelis
Unit III
- Religious Tourism – Pushkar, Dargah at Ajmer, Dilwara Temples, Ramdevra and Nathdwara.
Unit IV
- Folk Art and Culture of Rajasthan – Music, Dances, Fairs and Festivals, Cuisine and Handicrafts.
Unit V
- Strategies for the promotion of historical tourism. Role of government and private sector.
- Role of tourist guides.
HIS 422 (A) Ancient Indian History (300-650 A.D.)
Unit I
- Rise of the Imperial Guptas- Origin and early history.
- Expansion and consolidation of Gupta Empire under Samudragupta and Chandragupta II.
Unit II
- Nature of the Gupta State administrative organization..
- Decline of the Gupta Empire.
- Social and religious life during the Gupta age
Unit III
- Economic conditions of the Gupta period-Land Grants, Agriculture, Crafts , Coins and Currency.
- Development in Sculpture, Painting, Architecture,Sanskrit Literature and Science and Technology during the Gupta period.
Unit IV
- Harshavardhan-his conquests, administration and cultural achievements.
- Emergence of Feudalism.
- Accounts of Fa-hien and Yuan-Chwang
Unit V
- Pallavas and Chalukyas- Political and Cultural Achievements.
HIS 423 (A) Ancient Indian Art and Architecture -II
Unit I
- Origin and development of Rock cut architecture: Barabar-Nagarjuni Caves;Hinayana Vihara and Chaityagriha; Mahayana Vihara and Chaityagriha.
Unit II
- Brahmanical Caves- Ellora, Elephanta; Jain Caves, Orissa(Udaigiri and Khandagiri)and Ellora.
Unit III
- Art in the Kushan period.
- Study of Mathura and Gandhara Style.
- Gupta Art- a study of sculptures, Ajanta paintings.
Unit IV
- Origin, Evolution and Main styles of Hindu Temples.
- Gupta temples.
Unit V
- Post Gupta Temple Architecture:North India-A study of Orissa, Khajuraho and Abu group of temples. South India-Rashtrakuta Temple(Kailash temple ,Ellora)Pallava Rathas and structural temples, Chola temples.
HIS 424 (A) Indian Archaeology -II
Unit I
- Indus Sarswati Civilization : Origin, extent, important sites, chronology, main characteristics, survival and continuity.
- General features of Harappan Sites – City Planning, Religion, Art, Trade and Commerce of Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Rupar, Kalibangan, Lothal and Dholaveer.
Unit II
- A survey of the Chalcolithic cultures of Rajasthan – Ahar, Guilund, Balathal, Ganeshwara.
Unit III
- A study of Painted Grey Ware cultures; Northern Black Polished Ware Cultures.
- Taxila, Kaushambi, Hastinapur, Ahichhatra and Brahamgiri
Unit IV
- Study of Megalith types and related material culture.
- Concept of New Archaeology and its application in India.
Unit V
- Marine Archaeology and outline.
HIS 422 (B) History of Medieval India (1605-1761)
Unit I
- Jahangir’s Deccan and Rajput Policies, Role of Nurjahan Junta
- Shah Jahan’s Deccan, Central Asian and North-west frontier policies
- War of Succession
Unit II
- Auragzeb’s Deccan Policy, relations with the Rajputs, religious policy.
- Main Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court (1707-1748).
Unit III
- Rise of the Maratha Power under Shivaji
- Disintegration of the Mughal Empire
- Rise of the Regional Powers- Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad
Unit IV
- Maratha Expansion in North India and Mughal Policy towards the Marathas
- Circumstances leading to the Third Battle of Panipat.
Unit V
- Development of Art and Architecture under the Mughals
HIS 423 (B) Political and Administrative Institutions of Medieval India -II
Unit I
- Structure of Military administration during Sultanate period
Unit II
- Land revenue administration under Delhi Sultanate, Iqta system.
Unit III
- Land revenue administration under Mughals, Ijara system.
Unit IV
- Role of nobility and Ulema in the growth of administrative institutes
Unit V
HIS 424 (B) Economic Life and Institutions in Medieval India
Unit I
- Land revenue system
- Mode of agricultural production and crop pattern.
- Irrigation system.
Unit II
- Land rights and problem of ownership of land Rural handicrafts, Iqta, Jagirdari, Zamindari and Ijara systems
Unit III
- Urbanization and the rise of urban trade centers
- Growth of urban industries
Unit IV
- Development of internal and external trade
- Important trade routes and means of transport and communications
Unit V
- Organization of market.
- Weights and measures
- The Village community
HIS 422 (C) Administrative and Constitutional History of Modern India
Unit I
- Growth of Administrative and Judicial Systems during 1793-1858 with special reference to the Charter Acts of 1813, 1833 and 1853 and the Act of 1858.
Unit II
- Recruitment to Civil Services – Demand for Indianisation of Services, Role of Bureaucracy Process of Administrative decentralization.
Unit III
- Growth of Legislative Councils (1853-1909)
Unit IV
- Government of India Acts 1919 and Dyarchy.
- Act of 1935 and Provincial Autonomy
- Cabinet Mission Plan
Unit V
- Constituent Assembly and the constitution of 1950.
- Salient Features of the constitution.
HIS 423 (C) Economic History of Modern India
Unit I
- Indian Economy in the 18th Century Nature and Structure.
- Early Phase of Colonial Economy.
Unit II
- Destruction of Cottage Industries. De-industrialization and its Consequences.
Unit III
- Agrarian relation: British Land Tenure Policy: Permanent, Ryotwari and Mahalwari.
- Commercialization of Agriculture and its effects.
- Famines in British India
Unit IV
- Drain of Wealth and its implications
- Railways: British Construction Policy, Growth and impact.
Unit V
- Industrialization with special reference to Cotton Textiles and Jute Industry.
- Policy of Free Trade, Tariff and Policy of Discriminatory Protection.
HIS 424 (C) Gandhian Thought –II
Unit I
- Gandhi’s Critique of Industrialism and Capitalism.
- A Reading of “Hind Swaraj”.
Unit II
- Gandhian ideas on Village Self Sufficiency, Khadi, Swedeshi and Trusteeship.
Unit III
- Social Thought , Views on Caste System and Position of Women.
Unit IV
- Thoughts on Education – Basic Education
- Issues of National Integration.
Unit V
- Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in Contemporary Times.
HIS 425 Dissertation