IIS University - International College for Girls - ICG Courses

M.Sc. (Environmental Science)

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Duration: 2 Years

Eligibility: Graduate or Equivalent

Course Structure

Course Code	Course Title
Semester - I
ENV	Introduction to Environmental Science
ENV	Natural resource conservation and management
ENV	Environmental Pollution
ENV	Environmental geosciences and restoration ecology
ENV	Practical
ENV	Seminar
Semester - II
ENV  221	Environmental Waste Management
ENV  222	Pollution Monitoring and Control
ENV  223	Biodiversity And Wildlife
ENV  224	Environmental Management
ENV  225	Practical
ENV  226	Seminar
Semester - III
ENV 321	Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology
ENV -322	Environmental Toxicology
ENV 323	Disaster Management
ENV 324	Project Preparation
ENV  325	Practical
Semester - IV
ENV -421	Environmental Impact Assessments and Sustainable Development
ENV  422	Research Methodology
ENV  423	Remote Sensing and GIS
ENV 424	Project Submission
ENV  425	Practical

 

Course Syllabus

Semester - I 

ENV – 1: Introduction to Environmental Science

Objective of the paper: To acquaint students with the subject and to make them learn the fundamentals of ecology and environmental science.

Unit I: Basic concepts of Environmental Science

• Definition, History, Importance and Scope of environmental science
• Origin of life
• Gaia hypothesis
• Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Science

Unit II: Ecosystem Dynamics

• Types of ecosystems
• Concept of ecosystems-structure and function
• Combined concept of Limiting factors
• First and Second law of thermodynamics
• Energy flow in ecosystems and energy flow models
• Food-chains and food webs
• Homeostasis of the Ecosystem
• Ecological pyramids

Unit III: Community dynamics

• The Biotic Community Concept
• Characteristics of a community
• Concept of Ecological Dominance
• Ecotones and Edge Effect
• Paleoecology
• Productivity: concept and its measurement
• Habitat and Ecological Niche
• Ecological Succession

Unit IV: Species interactions

• Interactions amongst populations: intra- and interspecific interactions
• Negative interactions:Predation, parasitism and antibiosis
• Positive interactions: Commensalism, cooperation and mutualism.

Unit V Nutrient Cycling

• Biogeochemical cycles: Patterns and basic types of cycles
• Hydrological
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Sulphur
• Role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles

 

ENV – 2: Natural resource conservation and management

Objective of the paper: The course lays emphasis on equitable and efficient distribution of natural resources and its management for sustainable development

Unit   I: Introduction to Natural Resources

• Definition and classification
• A brief history of the Resource Conservation
• Conservation of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

Unit   II: Water Resource

• Sources of fresh water; surface water, ground water, frozen water.
• Causes of water stress; population growth, increased affluence expansion of businessactivity, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution.
• Methods of water conservation with special reference to Rajasthan.
• Water crises and its conservation

Unit   III: Mineral Resources and Mine land Reclamation

• Resources and reserves
• Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources
• Environmental impact of exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.
• Environmental impact of exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources.
• Types of mine reclamation practices; Revegetation of mine spoils through plant fertilization  and related practices.

Unit   IV: Land Resources

• Soil profile and classification
• Soil degradation(soil erosion)
• Methods of Soil conservation
• Forest resources of India
• Causes of forest degradation
• Forest conservtion measures(Sacred groves, National Forest Policy, Forest Act, Joint Forest Management)
• Types and classification of Deserts
• Causes of desertification

Department of Environmental Science

Unit  V: Energy Resources

• Energy resources and their exploitation
• Conventional energy resources: fossil fuels-coal, oil and natural gas Hydroelectric power, nuclearenergy
• Non-conventional energy resources;, Ocean thermal energy conversion, wind, tidal, geothermalenergy, biomass, solar energy,petroplants
• Bioenergy
• Impacts of energy use on the environment.

 

ENV – 3: Environmental Pollution

Objective of the paper: To make students aware of the deteriorating conditions of the environment due to anthropogenic interference.

Unit   I: Air Pollution

• Atmospheric composition and stratification
• Air quality standards
• History and episodes of air pollution
• Sources of pollution (Line and area source)
• Classification of air pollutants
• Meteorological parameters influencing air pollution
• Atmospheric stability and Inversion
• Plume behavior.
• Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere (Reactions of NOx, SO2,CO,and CO2. )
• Causes and effects of acid rain, global warming, and ozone depletion.

Unit   II: Water Pollution

• Water quality standards.
• Sources of water pollution
• Effects of water pollution
• Water borne diseases
• Marine Pollution: causes and impacts
• Ganga Action Plan.

Unit   III: Soil Pollution

• Chemical nature and composition of soil
• Types and sources of soil pollution
• Soil pollution control
• Land degradation with special reference to soil erosion.

Unit   IV: Noise Pollution

• Basic concept and definition
• Sources of noise pollution
• Noise exposure levels and standards
• Impacts of noise on human health.

Unit   V: Radioactive and Thermal Pollution

• Sources, types and effects of radiation(Ionizing and non ionizing)
• Radioactive Pollution
• Management and disposal of radioactive waste
• Control of radioactive pollution.
• Thermal Pollution: sources and effects on ecosystem.

 

ENV 4: Environmental geosciences and restoration ecology

Objective of the paper: This paper aims at making the students aware of the degradation of the earth and methods of its restoration

Unit   I: Basic Concepts of Geosciences 07

• Origin of Universe
• Major division of geological time
• Continental Drift Theory
• Plate Tectonics

Unit   II: Geosciences and Earth Systems

• Environmental Geosciences- fundamental concept
• Earth system and biosphere.
• Interrelationship of various earth systems-geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere
• Climate of India
• Indian monsoon
• El nino
• Drought
• Tropical cyclones and western disturbances.

Unit   III: Earth Process and Geological Hazards

• Earth Processes
• Cycle in the earth system
• Catastrophic Geological Hazards:
• Floods
• Landslides
• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes and Avalanche

Unit   IV: Ecological Restoration 05

• Definition
• Restoration needs
• Attributes
• Theoretical foundations-Disturbances, Succession, Fragmentation, Ecosystem functions

Unit   V: Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology 04

• Approaches, Focuses and Modes of inquiry
• Strategic species concept: Keystone specie
  • ndicator species
  • mbrella and Flagship species

 

ENV – 5: Practical

Computer Orientation

• Introduction to Computers
• MS Word
• MS Excel
• Power Point Presentation
• Internet

Acquaintance With Laboratory Equipments And Preparation Of A Practical Record

• pH Meter
• Flame photometer
• Spectrophotometer
• Secchi Disc
• BOD Incubator
• COD analysis unit
• Respirable dust sampler
• AAS

Water Analysis

Quantitative Estimation of the following parameters in the given water sample:

• Acidity
• Alkalinity
• B.O.D
• C.O.D
• Conductivity
• Chlorine (Residual)
• Chloride
• Dissolved oxygen
• Total hardness
• Total Solids
• Total Suspended Solids
• Total Dissolved Solids
• pH
• Free Carbon Dioxide
• Nitrate
• Phosphate

Field work and Report submission

• Visit to a local area to document environmental assets: river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain
• Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
• Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

Green File Preparation

Preparation of a green file/scrap book comprising of articles/photographs/stories on latest environmental issues.

 

ENV – 6: Seminar

Each student will have to present a seminar within the specified period, on the topic given to her. She will be guided by any one of the faculty members for the same. The topic allotted will be related to the current issues on the subject.

 

Semester- II

ENV – 221: Environmental Waste Management

Objective of the paper: To help elucidate the role and responsibility of citizens in helping to achieve environmental quality by managing the waste generated.

Unit   I: Introduction to Solid Waste

• Sources and types of solid wastes
• Composition of municipal solid wastes
• Functional Elements
• Characteristics of Solid Waste
• Onsite handling and onsite storage of solid wastes
• Collection system
• Transport means and methods.

Unit   II: Solid Waste Management

• Source reduction
• Recycling
• Recovery
• Disposal of solid wastes-Landfilling (design criteria for sanitary land filling, problems of land filling), Composting and incineration

Unit   III: Bio-Medical Waste Management

• Classification
• Generation
• Source
• Storage
• Transportation
• Treatment and disposal

Unit   IV: E-Wastes and Hazardous Wastes

• Hazardous Wastes
• Classification
• Generation
• Source
• Storage
• Transportation
• Disposal
• Concept of E-Wastes
• Concept of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)

Unit   V: Legislative Approach for Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management and handling rules 1989
• Bio-Medical Waste( Management and Handling)Rules,1998
• Municipal Solid ( Management and Handling)Rules,1999.

 

ENV – 222: Pollution Monitoring and Control

Unit   I: Air Pollution Monitoring

• Introduction
• Classification of sampling methods
• Instruments for sampling gaseous pollutants
• Location of sampling sites
• Sampling of particulates (suspended and respirable) by High Volume Sampler/ Respirable dustsampler,
• Stack sampling Techniques:Planning the study,Selection of sampling location, Representativesample,Size of sampling point, Traverse points, Isokinetic conditions, Determination of gascomposition, Determination of moisture content and Determination of temperature and velocity.

Unit   II: Air Pollution Control

• Introduction
• Air pollution control from stationary sources
• control of air pollution by equipments: Settling chambers, Separators, Cyclones, Filters, Electrostatic precipitators and Scrubbers
• Control of gaseous Contaminants: Absorption, Adsorption, Combustion, Masking andCounteracting, Control at the Source
• Preventive Techniques: Shift of the sources, Substitution of raw material and fuels, Process modification.
• Alteration of equipments and good operating practices.

Unit  III: Water Pollution Monitoring and Control

• Sources and characteristics of industrial waste water and sewage.
• Treatment of sewage:- Primary, secondary and tertiary(trickling filters and activated sludge process)
• Fundamentals of biological treatment
• Types of biological treatment: Aerobic and anaerobic treatment
• Role of microbes in sludge digestion and disposal.

Unit   IV: Soil Sampling and Analysis

• Methods of Soil Sampling
• Soil microbes and their functions
• Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers (N.P,K) and their effect on soil characteristics
• Soil contamination by metallic pollutants

Unit   V: Noise Pollution Monitoring and Control

• Measurement of Noise level
• Prevention and control of Noise Pollution
• Noise Pollution Analyser, Sound absorption coefficient (ast), sound absorbing materials,reverbration time; Acoustic silencers, mufflers, barriers, vibration and impact isolation.
  

 

ENV – 223: Biodiversity And Wildlife

Objective of the paper: The course lays emphasis on importance and conservation of biodiversity which will lead to sustain life on earth.

Unit   I: Introduction to Biodiversity

• Definition and concept of Biodiversity
• Types of Biodiversity
• Importance of Biodiversity-Ethical and aesthetic values, Economic values
• Hotspots of Biodiversity (World and India)
• Concept of Endemic, Endangered and threatened species based on IUCN.

Unit   II: Biodiversity Conservation

• Causes of loss of Biodiversity
• Extinction of species :Causes and examples with special reference to India
• Conservation methods and strategies-in situ (National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves,sacred groves, coral reefs, wetlands and mangroves) and ex situ (Botanical gardens, Zoos, Genebanks) methods
• Role of biotechnology in biodiversity conservation

Unit   III: Introduction to Wildlife

• Wildlife habitat: Ecozones of India and their faunal diversity
• Mortality factors
• Wildlife depletion
• Wildlife trade
• Wildlife in Rajasthan

Unit   IV: Wildlife Management in India

• Conservation and management strategy of wildlife
• Restoration of wildlife population: Captive breeding, Soft and hard release
• Important projects for the conservation of wildlife in India: Project Tiger, Operation Rhino, GirLion Project
• National and International organizations involved in Wildlife protection (WWF, IUCN,BNHS,IBWL)
• Concept of Red Data Book

Unit   V: Legal implementation towards Wildlife and Biodiversity

• Man and Biosphere programme
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• CITES
• Biosafety Protocol
• Intellectual Property Right (IPR)and the TRIP Agreement
• Wildlife Protection Act,1972 and Amendment 1991
• The Biological Diversity Act 02
• Role of Ministry of Environment and Forest in conservation of biodiversity and wildlife

 

ENV – 224: Environmental Management 

Unit   I: Environmental Protection

• Environment and constitution of India
• Provision in Constitution of India regarding Environment (Article 48A and 51A)
• International conventions and treaties
• Stockholm Conference 1972
• The Rio earth summit1992
• Montreal protocol
• Kyoto protocol

Unit   II: Environmental Legislations

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended up to 1988
• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules1986
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 amended 1991
• Forest Conservation Act, 1980
• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended by Amendment Act, 1987.

Unit   III: Environmental Management System

• Benefits, principles and elements of successful environmental management
• Key aspects of the international standard ISO 001.
• Auditing of EMS,
• Environmental Labeling.

Unit   IV: Environmental Education

• Introduction
• Goals, objectives and guiding principles
• Classification of environmental education programmes
• Environmental education in India
• Environmental Ethics
• Ecotourism and impact of tourism on environment.

Unit   V: Environmental Problems

• Ecopolitics
• Environmental Economics
• Biopiracy,
• Bioterrorism
• Developmental projects and Environment (Dams, urban settlements and industrialization).

 

ENV – 225: Practical

Soil Analysis

• Electrical Conductivity
• Chloride content
• Nitrate- Qualitative and Quantitative
• Phosphate- Qualitative and Quantitative
• Available phosphorus
• Organic Carbon
• pH
• Exchangeable Sodium and Potassium
• Exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium
• Heavy Metals
• Micronutrients
• Specific Gravity
• True Density and Porosity
• Identification of Texture of the given soil sample of a degraded land.
• Estimation of Moisture Content in the given soil sample.
• Estimation of Water Holding Capacity in the given soil sample

Air Quality Analysis

• Estimation of respirable dust in the ambient air using Respirable Dust Sampler
• Estimation of PM10 in the ambient air using Respirable Dust Sampler
• Estimation of indoor respirable and suspended particulate matter using Handy Sampler

Vegetation Dynamics

• Determination of Leaf Area Index (LAI)
• Determination of Percent leaf injury
• Determination of Chlorophyll Content of leaves from polluted and non-polluted area.
• Estimation of Dust Retention Capacity of the leaf samples.
• Study of Diversity Indices of plant/organisms.
• Least Size of Quadrate for community study.
• Determination of Frequency, Density and Abundance of various plant species in a community.
• Determination of IVI of various plant species.

Exercises On Wildlife

• Identification of Mammalian species by Hair Imprinting Method
• Wildlife Census Methods

Preparation Of A Record Comprising Of The Following TopicS

• Mineral resources in India
• Major Soil types of India
• Deserts of India
• Deserts of the World
• Forests of India
• Major Biomes of the World
• Hotspots of Biodiversity in the World
• Protected Areas of India
• Vanishing Wildlife of the World
• Important Indian Institutes of Environmental Education
• Important Environmental Organizations (National and International)

Visit

In this semester it is compulsory for each student to visit a National Park/ any natural habitat/ Sanctuary/Research organization/Industry and prepare a report of the same, marks for which will be added in practical exam.

 

ENV – 226: Seminar

Each student will have to present a seminar within the specified period, on the topic given to her. She will be guided by any one of the faculty members for the same. The topic allotted will be related to the current issues on the subject.

 

Semester - III

ENV 321: Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology

Unit   I: Introduction to Environmental Microbiology 17

• Introduction of Environmental Microbiology
• Growth of Bacteria in Environment (Lag phase ,Exponential phase and Stationary andDeath phase)
• Survival of Potozoans under adverse conditions and their beneficial roles
• Microorganisms found in extreme conditions–Extremophiles (acidophiles,psychrophiles, thermophiles and halophiles).

Unit   II: Industrial Microbiology

• Bioengineering of microorganisms for industrial purposes
• Industrial use of the following
  • Bacteria (Lactic acid production, Vinegar production, Amino acid production),
  • Yeast (Alcohol fermentation, Bakers yeast and food yeast),
  • Moulds (Penicillin production, Citric acid production, Enzyme production).

Unit   III: Microbial Transformation of Heavy Metals

• Heavy metal toxicity in the environment
• Metal microbes interactions:
  • Intracellular accumulation
  • Cell wall associated metal interaction
  • Metal- siderophore interactions
  • Extracellular mobilization/immobilization of metals by bacterial metabolites
  • Extracellular polymer-metal interactions
  • Transformation and volatilization of metals

Unit   IV: Environmental Biotechnology

• Concept of Recombinant technology
  • Molecular tools of genetic engineering
  • Host cell-Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
  • Vectors-Plasmids(pBR322),Bacteriophages(λ)Cosmids
  • Methods of gene transfer – Conjugation,Transformation,Transduction
• Bioremediation-insitu and exsitu

Unit   V: Biotechnology and Resource Conservation

• Production of biogas- Biomethanation (Anaerobic treatment for biogas generation, Microbiology and biochemistry, Factors affecting biogas production, Design of digesters);
• Composting (Types, material, process, physicochemical characteristics of environment,decomposition stages and methods).
• Vermicomposting; Bioleaching (methods and microorganisms used)
• Integrated Pest Management (Pest control, Concept of IPM, Biopesticides in IPM).
• Biosensors-Types and applications

 

ENV -322: Environmental Toxicology

Unit   I: Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology

• Introduction to Toxicology
• Definition of Toxicology
• Principle Divisions and Branches of Toxicology
• Scope And Importance of Toxicology
• Goals of toxicology

Unit   II: Dose and Toxicity

• Dose of Toxicants
• Effect and Response –(Acute effects, Chronic effects, Reversible and Irreversible effects andLocal and Systemic effects)
• Dose Response Relationship – (Graded and Quantal Response)
• Time action curves
• Toxicity curves
• Toxicants and toxicity
• Factors that affect environmental concentration of toxicants
• Factors influencing toxicity.

Unit   III: Toxicants of Public Health Hazards

• Toxicology of Pesticides – (Types; Effects on Human Health).
• Toxicology of Heavy Metals - Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury- (Sources and Emissionsand Harmful effects on Human Health)
• Toxicology of Radioactive Substances – (Types and Biological Effects on animals – Somatic andGenetic effects).

Unit   IV: Translocation of Xenobiotics

• Basic concept of Translocation
• Absorption
• Biotransformation (Phase I and Phase II reactions)
• Excretion of Xenobiotics.

Unit   V: Biomagnification and Biomonitoring of Toxic Chemicals

• Definition of Biomagnification and Biomonitoring
• Biomagnification of
  • pesticides
  • metals
  • radioactive substances
• Objectives of Biomonitoring
• Bioindicators and Environmental monitoring
• Bioassay and its applications in Toxicology.

 

ENV –323: Disaster Management

Unit   I: Introduction

• Meaning
• Distinction between Disaster and hazard
• Terminology used in disaster management
• Alternatives and suggestions
• Types of disaster(Natural and Human made)

Unit   II: Natural Disasters

• Earthquakes
  • Causes
  • Characterization of ground –motion
  • Earthquakes scale
• Drought
  • Classification
  • Drought profile
  • Case study of Rajasthan
• Floods
  • Causes of flood
  • Regions prone to flood in India
  • Approaches, policies and measures

Unit   III: Health and Disasters 10

• Public Health and Disasters
• Psycho Social care in disaster situation

Unit   IV: Administrative Framework

• Hyogo Framework for action
• Organizations for disaster management
• National Disaster Management Policy
• Disaster management through sustainable development
• Sphere Standards
• Disaster Management Act 05

Unit   V: Case Studies 11

• Tsunami in Southern Asia
• Bhopal Gas tragedy
• Chernobyl Nuclear accident

 

ENV –324: Project Preparation

Each student is required to undergo a specialized training before the commencement of the third  semester. Thereafter she has to prepare an extensive report under the guidance of any one of the faculty members. The training shall last for a period of 30-45 days in a recognized institute/ a well-reputed industry/ any renowned environmental laboratory/ NGO. At the end of the third semester each student shall have to write a Research paper on the topic covered in the training and thereafter present it as a part of Semester end evaluation.

 

ENV – 325: Practical

Microbiological Analysis

• Multiple fermentation techqunique- MPN index for polluted and non polluted waters
• IMVIC tests
• Heterotrophic plate count
• Study of soil microorganism

Biotechnology

• Acquaintance with the following for spot identificationAutoclave, Incubator, Hot plate, Water bath, Stirrer, Inoculating loop, OvenCentrifuge, Bunsen burner, Laminar flow hood, Tripod with Asbestos mat
• TLC
• Gel Electrophoresis

Exercise On Disaster Management

Students shall be divided into groups

• Meteorological :Hailstorm, Snow storm, Dust storm, Wind storm, Fog, Lightening, Heavy rain;
• Geological : Earthquake, Landslide, Mudflow, Tsunami, Volcano;
• Hydrological :Drought ,Flood;
• Biological:Epidemics, Pest ;
• Infrastructure :Transport -Aviation ,Railway, Road, Shipping, Energy -Mining ,Nuclear;
• Industrial :Chemical ,Gas Leak
• Others :Fire, Riot, Terrorism, War;

Based on the topic within the group students will be guided in their reading on the available literature on theory and practice about these disasters and their management. Students will make group  presentation (ppt and a write up)on that topic.

Laboratory Readings:

• Adams,Dany Spencer,Lab Math:A Handbook of Measurements, Calculations and OtherQuantitative Skills for Use at the Bench
• Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology Kannan, NDepartment of Environmental Science

 

Semester – IV

ENV -421 Environmental Impact Assessments and Sustainable Development

Unit   I: EIA and Sustainable Development

• Definition of EIA,
• Objectives and principles of EIA
• Relationship of EIA to sustainable development
• EIA Notification 06
• Concept of Sustainable development
• Basic aspect of sustainable development
• Sustainable development at Rio,1992

Unit   II: Process and Methods Used in EIA

• EIA in project planning and implementation
• Procedure of EIA:screening,scoping,description of project,collection of baseline,information,impact identification,prediction and evaluation,post project monitoring.
• Methods used in EIA:-Checklists, Matrices,Networks, Adhoc, Overlays, BEES(Battelle Environmental Evaluation System)
• Environment Management Plan.

Unit   III: Preparation of EIA Reports

• Methods and procedures of EIA report (EIS) preparation
• Efforts of participation and consultation
• Mitigation criteria, project modification.

Unit   IV: Prediction and assessment of Impacts

• Prediction and assessment of impacts on the air environment
• Water environment
• Noise environment
• Biological environment
• Cultural (Architectural, Historical and Archeological)
• Socio-economic environment.

Unit   V: Environmental Auditing and Sectoral Experience

• Environmental Auditing: Definition, functions, benefits and costs
• Auditing stages (process)
• Report structure
• EIA of Energy Projects (Thermal power plants, Nuclear power plants and Hydroelectric projects)
• Mining Projects
• Cement
• Concept of CDM

 

ENV – 422: Research Methodology

Unit   I: Environmental Research

• Environmental Research
• Types of research
• Research approaches
• Methodology and Data collection, sampling techniques of field questionnaire
• Secondary data, methodology and content of the field survey.
• Social research- Concept, objective and scope, sources of data (documentary and field sources)
• Utility of social research
• Qualities of a good research worker (general and specific)
• Criteria of a good research
• Problems encountered by researchers in India.

Unit   II: Methods of Data Collection

• Schedule
• Purpose of schedule, essentials of a good schedule
• Procedure of forming a good schedule
• Questionnaire, Types of questions
• Interviews, types and technique of interviews
• Observation, Types, limitations and importance of Observation.

Unit   III: Statistical Analysis

• Classifications and Tabulation of data
• Frequency Distributions and Cumulative frequency distribution.
• Graphical presentation of data- Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Frequency curve and ogives
• Measure of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode & their properties, merits and demerits.
• Measure of Dispersion- Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and standard deviation

Unit   IV: Correlation and Regression

• Correlation Analysis- Definition and concept, types and measures of studying correlation (KarlPearson’s coefficient of correlation, its assumptions, properties, merits and demerits,  Spearman’sRank correlation coefficient)
• Regression Analysis- Definition, concept, uses and properties. Least Square Methods, Regression Coefficients, Fitting of Regression lines.

Unit   V: Biometrics

• Sampling Distribution and Standard Error
• Element of Testing a Statistical Hypothesis- Formulation of the problem, Types of errors. Levelof significance, large sample test for single mean, difference in two means, single proportions,difference in two proportions.
• Small sample test- Application of Student’s t- test for small sample for single mean, difference intwo means (independent and paired-t).
• Chi-square test for independence of attributes.
• Analysis of Variance- Concept of ANOVA, its assumptions, Basic idea of one-way and two-wayclassification with simple questions.

 

ENV – 423: Remote Sensing and GIS

Unit   I: Basics Of Aerial Photointerpretation

• Development of aerial photography
• Fundamental principles of aerial photography
• Types of aerial photographs, types of films
• Factors affecting photo-images
• Stereoscopic vision and its conditions
• Different viewing instruments
• Scale of aerial photographs

Unit   II: Principles Of Satellite Based Remote Sensing

• Development of remote sensing
• Fundamental principles of remote sensing-electromagnetic radiation
• EM spectrum
• Atmospheric windows
• Interaction with earth materials
• Along track and across track sensors
• Microwave sensors
• Landsat, SPOT, Sea-Sat, ERS, IRS,
• Meteorological satellites

Unit   III: Interpretation Of Data Products

• Data products- Photographic and digital data
• False colour composites
• Elements of interpretation of satellite imagery
• Spectral signatures,
• Ground truth
• Visual analysis of remotely sensed data,.

Unit   IV: Applications Of Remote Sensing

• Surface water pollution monitoring,
• Location of ground water rich zones
• Forest management
• Study of animal behaviour and population
• Watershed management,
• Preparation of land use/land cover maps ,
• Geomorphological studies
• Geological studies(tectonics, mineral exploration)

Unit   V: Introduction To Digital Image Processing And Geographical Information System (GIS)

• Principles of digital image processing- Image enhancement
• Introduction to GIS- Functional elements (components) of GIS
• Applications of GIS.

 

ENV –424: Project Submission

A Project Report of the work done in the Third Semester (Env-324) has to be submitted for the partial fulfillment of the award of the Post Graduate Degree in Environmental Science. The student shall have to give a power point presentation for the work done for semester end evaluation.

 

ENV – 425: Practical

Remote Sensing

(I) Interpretation of Satellite imagery for

• Identification of Water Resources
• Urban Planning (Preparation of Land use and Land Cover Maps)
• Classification and identification of Vegetation Cover
• Preliminary interpretation of Geology

(II) Study of Geomorphology through imagery

• Preparation of Geomorphological map
• Drainage analysis: Identification of types of Drainage and stream characteristics
• Identification of Neotectonic faults

(III) Studies of suitable areas for Watershed Management

EIA Exercises

• Preparation of EIA report according to the given case study
• Prediction of Impacts using Matrix method

Waste Water Analysis

• Acidity
• Alkalinity
• Dissolved oxygen
• B.O.D
• C.O.D
• Conductivity
• Chlorine (Residual)
• Total Solids
• Total Suspended Solids
• Total Dissolved Solids
• Total hardness
• pH
• Free Carbon Dioxide
• Nitrate
• Phosphate
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Fluoride

Statistics

Calculation of standard deviation, correlation, regression Calculation of analysis of variance ANOVA