IIS University - International College for Girls - ICG Courses

Post Graduate Diploma in Herbal Science

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Duration: 1 Years

Eligibility: Graduation

Course Structure

Course Code	Course Title
Semester I
BOT 151	Introduction to Herbal Science
BOT 152	Ethnobotany
BOT 153	Ethnomedicine
BOT 154	Practical
Semester II
BOT 251	Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
BOT 252	Cultivation and Propagation of Medicinal Plants
BOT 253	Drug Designing and Quality Control
BOT 254	Practical

 

Course Syllabus

Semester - I

BOT 151 Introduction to Herbal Science

Unit I

Historical backround, present status, scope of herbal science- Indigenous medical systembioprospecting, Indigenous knowledge systems, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy medicines. Need to preserve knowledge systems.

Unit II

Meaning and scope of Aromatherapy, Cosmetology and Flower essence therapy.

Unit III

Plant identification-elementary knowledge of binomial nomenclature, outline of Bentham and Hooker classification, Herbarium techniques, Herbal garden, Use of flora and keys for plant identification.

Unit IV

Taxonomic structure, classification of plants (general outline), major groups of plants (Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms) and their medicinal uses.

Unit V

Endangered plants- Efforts and initiatives to conserve biodiversity with particular reference to conservation of flora, Unexploited plants of potential economic value with special reference to Rajasthan. Strategies for conservation in situ and ex-situ, Red data book and green data book.

 

BOT 152 Ethnobotany

Unit I

History of Ethnobotany A brief account of interdisciplinary subdivisions of Ethnobotany like Ethnopharmacognosy, Ethnomedicobotany, Ethnoagriculture, Ethnoarchaeoculture, Ethnoecology, Ethnogastrology, Ethnohorticulture, Ethnomusicology, Ethnophytotaxonomy, Ethnoveterinary.

Unit II

Ethnobotany and Ethnic Groups Aims, Objectives and scope, methods of study of Ethnobotany. Ethnic groups of Rajasthan. Major tribes – Meena, Bhil, Garasia, Saharia, Kalbelia, Nut, Banjara, Koli, and their life style.

Unit III

Ethnography Cultural and social anthropology, techniques and notable Ethnographers

Unit IV

Economicethnobotany

Traditional use of plants as Food, Fodder, Fencing, Decoration and Adornment, Dyes, Timber, Intoxicants and Masticatories by ethnic groups.

Unit V

Plants in folk religion Ocimum sanctum, Aegle marmelos, Ficus benghalensis, Curcuma domestica, Cyanodon dactylon , Hordeum vulgare, Amaranthus bicolor and Sesamum indicum. Sacred groves.

 

BOT 153 Ethnomedicine

Unit I

Ethnomedicine – definition, history and its scope, methods of disease diagnosis and treatment- infusion, decoction, lotion, washers, insectepellents, suppositories, tincture, making herbal syrups, compresses, poultice, plasters, oinments, herbal oils and herbal salves.

Unit II

Classification of Crude drugs – Taxonomical, Morphological, Pharmacological and chemical classifications; Chemistry of drugs and its evaluation.

Unit III

Medicoethnobotany I Organoleptic study of following important medicinal plants Bacopa, Emblica, Allium, Azardirachta, Chlorophytum, Commiphora, Datura, Jatropha, Ricinus, Tinospora, Tribulus, Tylophora.

Unit IV

Medicoethnobotany II – Roots of Withania somnifera – Memory stimulants – Centella asiatica – Drugs for dissolving kidney stones – Musa paradiasica (pseudostem) –Antiinflammatory drugs – Cardiospermum – Anticancer drugs – Catharanthus roseus.

Unit V

Medicinal Plants Role of the National and Rajasthan State Medicinal Plant Board, Major funding agencies of India related to medicinal plants Facilities and assistance provided by them.

 

BOT 154 Practical

• Identification of locally available Medicinal Plants
• Exomorphic features of the following medicinal plants
  • Roots - Asparagus racemosus, Vetiver zizanoides
  • Rhizome - Zinziber officinale, Curcuma domestica,
  • Bark - Chinnamomum, Cinchona, Indigofera tinctoria
  • Twigs - Solanum trilobatum, Coccinia indica, Melothria maderaspatana
  • Leaves - Ocimum sanctum, Aegle marmelos, Piper betel, Nicotiana, Neem.
  • Flowers - Hibiscuss rosasinensis,
  • Fruits - Fennel, Cumin, Pepper, Poppy,
  • Seeds - Syzygium cumini, Trigonella,
• Endomorphic Characters Anatomical and cytological features of the plants mentioned above
• Preparation of Herbal Formulations used as common home remedies
• Preparation of Herbarium sheets of Medicinal plants
• Visit to some Aroma Therapy Centre of repute and Study of formulations used by them.
• Identification of Adulterants on the basis of microanatomical features.

 

Semester - II

BOT 251 Phrmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Unit- I

Preparation of herbarium specifications - Use of flora and keys of plant identification-Microtomy and advanced histological techniques as applied to pharmacognostical specimen . Chemotaxonomy of plants and distribution of certain chemotaxonomical group of constituents in plant kingdom like alkaloids, glycosides and terpenoids.

Unit II

Pharmacognosy- History definition and scope of Pharmacognosy, Natural drugs and their classification, Chemical groups of natural drugs; introduction structure and mode of action of alkaloids , terpenoids ,volatile oils and glycosides, herb and drug interaction

Unit- III

Recent advances in the field of Pharmacognosy with special reference to anticancer - Antidiabetic - Antiinflammatory - Hepatoprotective - Adaptogenic and immunomodulating drugs of plant origin - Plant sweetners - Skin irritants and sensitizing agents and Antioxidants.

Unit- IV

General methods of phytochemical & biological screening - Natural sources - extraction - Purification and isolation of Plant constituents - Alkaloids - Glycosides - Volatile oils - Study of some herbal formulation as drug and cosmetics.

Unit V

Analytical Pharmacognosy – Drug adulteration and detection. Identification of adulterants on the basis of microanatomical features.

 

BOT 252 Cultivation and Propagation of Medicinal Plants

Unit- I

Conventional (sexual and vegetative) - Sexual propagation - Seed viability - Seed dormancy, types, methods of overcoming - Vegetative propagation - Grafting - Layering - Vegetative propagation advantages and disadvantages of vegetative propagation.

Unit- II

Biotechnological methods of plant propagation - Micropropagation - Somatic embryogenesis and somoclonal variation - Standardization of cultivation protocols of selected medicinal plants; in vitro production of secondary metabolites.

Unit- III

Polyhouse technology - Selection of site and type of polyhouse, Construction, additional facilities in polyhouses maintaining temperature and humidity - Irrigation - Soil management , Important diseases of medicinal plants and their management

Unit- IV

Alternative method of secondary metabolite production - Organ culture, Cell culture, Biotransformations (Microbial and Plant cells) - Scale up - Enhancement of product formation by elicitation - Permeabilization of plant cells for product release

Unit- V

Cultivation of medicinal plans - Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Senna (Cassia aungustifolia), Sadavari (Asparagus racemosus), Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum), Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina), Aloe (Aloe vera) and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Guggal( Commiphora wightii).

 

BOT 253 Drug Designing and Quality Control

Unit-I

Herbal formulations - General properties of drug constituents glycosides, saponins, anthraquinone derivaties, enzymes, alkaloids, tannins, volatile oils, resins, gums, proteins and fixed oils. Extraction definition, various types. Theory of extraction of drugs. Extraction methods.

Unit-II

Dosage form design Introduction, pharmaceutical ingredients. General consideration in drug product formulation Preformulation studies, stability, preservation against microbial contamination, stability against aerial oxidation, taste and aesthetic qualities.

Unit-III

Quality assurance & Marketing of herbal products Introduction to plant drug quality control - authentication of drug samples; classification of evaluation and standardization methods. Plant drug adulteration- types and methods. WHO guidelines to standardization and assessment of quality, safety and efficacy of herbal products. Importance and application of ISO-9000 &14000; Export potential of medicinal plants - plants for export, present status, hurdles, impact on biodiversity of producer countries.

Unit- IV

Detection of heavy metals, pesticide residues, microbial contamination. Biological and radio-immuno assay of herbal drugs. Finger print profiles and their significance in quality assurance

Unit-V

Intellectual Property Rights Patent, Plant variety protection bill, geographical indications, trade secrets, data base, trade mark, copy right, patent applications notification, sanctioning, Indian patent act, TRIPS.

 

BOT 254 Practical

• Microtomy -Preparation of permanent microscopic slides.
• Crude drug identification - Stomatal types, stomatal index, trichomes, palisade ratio, ash content of drugs.
• Use of extraction equipments - Soxhelt apparatus, Clevenger apparatus,
• Use of Separation techniques - Column, TLC, HPLC, Electrophoresis, Centrifugation.
• Extraction of volatile oils
• Methods of propagation - Effect of pH, temperature and plant growth regulator.
• Standardization of protocols for micro-propagation of medicinal plants, Callus culture, organ culture,
• Preparation of an advertisement for a herbal product.
• Preparation of Report for Field Visit to Herbal industry.
• Filling of application of for patent registration