M.D. (Ayurveda)

Sr. No.

Subjects of Study

(A)

Research Methodology

1

Aims and Objects for Research in Ayurved, Principles of Ancient (Ayurvedic) methods of research, Modern methods of research, Definitions of research, Classification of research, Serendipity research, Motivation for research, Terminology of research.

2

Research problem, Search for a problem for research, criteria for selection of a problem, Generation of hypotheses, Preparation of protocol, Research designs in Ayurvedic research

3

Principles, Methods and Guidelines for: -
a) Literary research
b) Fundamental research
c) Drug research
d) Clinical research

4

4) Special techniques-
a) Methods of a survey of medicinal plants, field survey, botanical identification of medicinal plants, traditional methods, taxonomical methods, histological methods, preservation of medicinal plants
b) Epidemiological methods, prevalence and incidence, epidemiological measurements
c) Radioisotopes, biological effects of radiation, types of radiation, units of radiation measurement, instruments to measure radiation exposure, isotopes used in medical research, diagnosis, and treatment, applications in Ayurvedic research, radioimmunoassay (RIA)
d) Animal models for various studies
e) Imaging techniques, CT – scan, MRI etc.
f) Emerging techniques in bioinformatics, molecular biology etc.

5

5) Principles, application and instrumentation of following instruments in modern and Ayurvedic research:
a) Chromatography: paper, thin layer, HPTLC, HPLC, GC – MS Colorimetry, spectrophotometry, UV – Visible, AAS and IRS Electrophoresis, paper and PAGE
b) Instruments used in animal research like plethysmograph
c) Instruments used in clinical research, ECG, EEG

(B)

Medical Statistics

1

Introduction: Application of Statistical methods to Ayurvedic research.

2

Sources and Presentation of Data Qualitative (or discrete) data, Quantitative (or continuous data) Methods of Presentation – Tabulation, Graphical, Diagram etc.

3

Measures of Location – Average and Percentiles Measures of central tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, Measures of location–percentiles, Graphic method, Arithmetical method, Application and uses of percentiles

4

Variability and Its Measures Types, Biological, Real, Experimental, Measures of variability – Range, Semi – interquartile range (Q), Mean deviation, Standard deviation (SD), Coefficient of variation (CV) etc.

5

Normal Distribution and Normal Curve Demonstration of a normal distribution, Normal curve, Standard normal deviate (Z), Asymmetrical distributions.

6

Sampling Representative sample, Precision (Sample size), Sample bias, Sampling techniques, Simple random sampling. Systematic Stratified, Multistage, Cluster, Multiphase etc.

7

Probability (Chance) Addition law of probability, Multiplication law, Binomial probability distribution, Probability chance from a shape of normal distribution or normal curve, etc.

8

Sampling Variability and Significance Sampling distribution, Significance, Estimation of Population parameters etc.

9

Testing Statistical hypothesis Types of hypothesis, Tests of significance, their indications, applicability, advantages and limitations, calculation and interpretation – Z – test, Student’s “t” test – unpaired, paired, Variance ratio test (F test), Analysis of variance test (ANOVA), Chi-square test, Willcoxon Sign Test and Willcoxon Sum Test etc.

10

The concept of regression and co-relation and their interpretation.

11

Demography and Vital statistics

12

Designing and Methodology of an Experiment or a Study Steps and methodology format for presentation of any research work.

13

Role of Computer