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1. Introduction to Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivations in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods v/s Methodology, Research and Scientific Methods, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research.
2. Defining the Research Problem: What is Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of and Techniques in defining the problem.
3. Research Design: Meaning, Need, Features of Good Design, Concepts, Types. Basic Principles of Experimental Design, Developing a Research Plan.
4. Sample Design: Implication, Steps. Criteria for selecting a sample procedure, Characteristics of Good Sampling Procedure, Types of Sample Design, Selecting Random Samples, Complex random sampling Design.
5. Measurement and Scaling Techniques: Measurement in Research, Measurement Scales, Sources of Errors in measurement, Tests of Second measurement, Technique of developing Measurement Tools, Meaning of Scaling, Scale Classification Bases, Important Scaling Techniques, Scale Construction Techniques.
6. Methods of Data Collection: Collection of Primary Data, Observation Method, Interview method, Collection of Data through questionnaire and Schedules, Other methods. Collection of Secondary Data, Selection of appropriate method for data collection, Case Study Method, Guidelines for developing questionnaire, successful interviewing. Survey v/s experiment.
7. Processing and Analysis of Data: Processing Operations (Meaning, Problems), Data Analysis (Elements), Statistics in Research, Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Asymmetry, and Relationship. Regression Analysis, Multiple correlation and Regression, Partial Correlation, Association in case of Attributes.
8. Sampling Fundamentals: Definition, Need, Important sampling Distribution, Central limit theorem Sampling Theory, Sandler’s A-test, Concept of Standard Error, Estimation, estimating population mean, proportion. Sample size and its determination, Determination of sample size Based on i) Precision Rate and Confidence level ii) Bayesian Statistics.
9. Testing of Hypothesis: Meaning, Basic concepts, Flow diagram, Power of a hypothesis test, Important parametric tests, Hypothesis Testing of Means, Differences between Means, Comparing Two related samples, Testing of Proportion, Difference between proportions, comparing variance to hypothesized population variance, Equality of variances of two normal populations, hypothesis testing of Correlation coefficients, Limitations of Tests of hypothesis.
10. Chi-square test: Applications, Steps, characteristics, limitations.
11. Analysis of Variance and Covariance: Basic Principles, techniques, applications, Assumptions, limitations.
12. Analysis of Non-parametric or distribution-free Tests: Sign Test, Fisher-Irwin Test, McNemer Test, Wilcoxon Matched Pair Test (Signed Rank Test), Rank.
13. Sum Tests: a) Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test b) Kruskal-Wallis Test, One sample Runs Test, Spearman’s Rank Correlation, Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance, Multivariate Analysis Techniques: Characteristics, Application, Classification, Variables, Techniques, Factor Analysis (Methods, Rotation), Path Analysis
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1. Basic Concepts of Real and Complex Analysis: Limits, Continuity, Uniform Continuity, Differentiability, Riemann Integral, Metric space, Sequence and series, Algebra of complex numbers, Analytic functions, Power series, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series, Conformal mapping.
2. Basic Concepts of Linear Algebra: Vector space, Subspace, Linear dependence, Basis, Linear transformation, Algebra of matrices, Rank of matrix, Determinants, Linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, Quadratic forms.
3. Discrete Mathematics: Partially ordered sets, Lattices, Complete Lattices, Distributive lattices, Complements, Boolean algebra, Elements of Graph Theory, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, Planar Graphs, directed graphs, Trees, Spanning trees, Fuzzy set theory
4. Differential Equations: First order ODE, singular solutions, initial value problem of first order ODE, and general theory of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear ODE, variation of parameters.
5. Basic concepts of probability: Sample space, discrete probability, simple theorems on probability, independence of events, Bayes Theorem. Discrete and continuous random variables, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Exponential, Weibull and Normal distributions; Expectation and moments, independence of random variables.
6. Linear/Non-Linear Programming Basic Concepts: Convex sets. Linear Programming Problem (LPP). Examples of LPP, Hyperplane, open and closed half – spaces. Feasible, basic feasible and optimal solutions, Extreme point and graphical method, K-T conditions.
7. Operational Research Modelling: Definition and scope of Operational Research, Different types of models, Replacement models and sequencing theory, inventory problems and their analytical structure. Simple deterministic and stochastic models of inventory control, Basic characteristics of queuing system, different performance measures. Steady state solution of Mark ovian queuing models: M/M/1, WW1 with limited waiting space MWC, M/M/C with limited waiting space.
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