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Answer:
According to Wellington, Bathmaker, Hunt, McCullough and Sikes (2005), the first Doctor of Philosophy degree was awarded in Paris in 1150. However at that time the degree had not acquired its modern status as an advanced research degree until the early 19th century, following the practice in Germany. Before 19th century, professional doctoral degrees could only be awarded in theology, law, or medicine. In 1861, Yale University adopted the German practice (first introduced in the 19th century at the Berlin University) of granting the degree, abbreviated as Dr. Phil., to younger students who had completed a prescribed course of graduate study and successfully defended a thesis/dissertation containing original research.
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