Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R and D Institute of Science and Technology Courses

M.Tech. (Information Technology)

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Duration: 2 Years

Eligibility: B.Tech/ B.E. in Info Tech

Course Structure

Course Code	Course Title
Semester - I
PCSA40	Advance Computer Architecture
PITA39	Data Structure & Algorithms
PCSA43	Software Engineering and Project Management
******	Elective I
******	Elective II
Practical
PITA25	Data Structure Lab
PITA26	SDLC Lab
Semester - II
PITA27	Network Security
PCSA27	Advanced Object Oriented Design
PITA28	Database Design and Management Systems
******	Elective III
******	Elective IV
Practical
PITA29	Database Design and Management Systems Lab
PCSA30	Advanced Object Oriented Design Lab
Semester - III
******	Elective V
******	Elective VI
******	Seminar
Practical
PITA42	Project Phase I
Semester - IV
PITA30	Project Phase II
List of Electives
PITA31	Formal Language and Automata Theory
PITA32	Computer Networking
PITA40	Information Systems
PITA33	Multicore Programming Using Java
PMAA08	Numerical Methods
PITA34	Multimedia Systems
PITA35	Real Time & Embedded Systems
PITA36	Computer Organization
PITA37	Soft Computing
PITA38	Image Processing and Pattern Recognition
PCSA33	Artificial Intelligence
PMAA01	Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science

Course Detail

Semester - I

PMAA01   Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 

Unit-I: Fundamental Structures

Set Theory: Relationships between sets – Operations on sets – Set identities – Principle of inclusion and exclusion – Minsets Relations: Binary relations – Partial orderings – Equivalence relations Functions: Properties of functions – composition of functions – inverse functions, permutation functions

Unit-II: Logic

Propositional logic – logical connectives – truth tables – normal forms (conjunctive and disjunctive) – predicate logic – universal and existential quantifiers – proof techniques – direct and indirect – proof by contradiction – mathematical induction

Unit-III: Combinatorics

Basics of counting – counting arguments – pigeonhole principle – permutations and combinations – recursion and recurrence relations – generating functions

Unit-IV: Discrete Probability

Finite probability – probability distributions – conditional probability – independence – Bayes’ theorem – mathematical expectation

UNIT-V: Languages, Grammars and Machines

Alphabet and words – languages – regular expressions and regular languages – finite state automata – classes of grammars – context-sensitive and context-free grammars – regular grammars -  finite state machines

 

PCSA01  Data Structures and Algorithms

Unit-I: Introduction

Basic concepts of OOPs – Templates – Algorithm Analysis – ADT - List (Singly, Doubly and Circular) Implementation - Array, Pointer, Cursor Implementation

Unit-II: Basic Data Structures

Stacks and Queues – ADT, Implementation and Applications - Trees – General, Binary, Binary Search, Expression Search, AVL, Splay, B-Trees – Implementations – Tree Traversals.

Unit-III: Advanced Data Structures

Set – Implementation – Basic operations on set – Priority Queue – Implementation -Graphs – Directed Graphs – Shortest Path Problem - Undirected Graph - Spanning Trees Graph Traversals, Biconnectivity.

Unit-IV: Memory Management

Issues - Managing Equal Sized Blocks - Garbage Collection Algorithms for Equal Sized Blocks - Storage Allocation for Objects with Mixed Sizes - Buddy Systems – Storage Compaction

Unit-V: Searching, Sorting And Design Techniques

Searching Techniques, Sorting – Internal Sorting – Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort, Bin Sort, Radix Sort – External Sorting – Merge Sort, Multi-way Merge Sort, Polyphase Sorting - Design Techniques - Divide and Conquer – Dynamic Programming - Greedy Algorithm – Backtracking - Local Search Algorithms, Introduction to NP complete problems.

 

PCSA02   Computer Architecture

Unit-I: Introduction

Introduction – Nature of Computing – Evolution of Computers – CPU Organization – data representation, instruction sets.

Unit-II: Control Design & Computer Arithmetic

Hardwired Control Unit, Micro programmed Control Unit – Computer Arithmetic – Fixed point Arithmetic – Arithmetic Logic Units

Unit-III: Memory Organization

Memory Hierarchy – memory systems, cache memory, virtual memory

Unit-IV: I/O Organization

Accessing I/O Series – Interrupts – Direct memory Access – Buses – Interface Circuits – Standard I/O Interfaces (PCI, SCSI, USB)

Unit-V: Pipelining & Parallel Processing

Pipe lining – Parallel Processing – Multiprocessor and Multicomputer Machines – RISC architecture

 

PITA01  Multimedia Systems

Unit-I: Fundamentals And QOS

Introduction – QOS Requirements and Constraints – Concepts – Resources – Establishment Phase – Run Time Phase – Management Architectures.

Unit-II: Operating Systems

Real–Time Processing – Scheduling – Intercrosses Communication – Memory and Management – Server Architecture – Disk Management.

Unit-III: File Systems And Networks

Traditional and Multimedia File Systems – Caching Policy – Batching – Piggy backing –Ethernet – Gigabit Ethernet – Token Ring – 100VG Any LAN – Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) – ATM Networks – MAN – WAN.

Unit-IV: Communication

Transport Subsystem – Protocol Support for QOS – Transport of Multimedia – Computer Supported Cooperative Work – Architecture – Session Management – MBone Applications.

Unit-V: Synchronization

Synchronization in Multimedia Systems – Presentation–Synchronization Types – Multimedia Synchronization Methods – Case Studies – MHEG – MODE – ACME.

 

PCSA04   Data Structures Lab

• Implementation of Singly, Doubly and Circular linked list .
• Implementation of Multistack in a Single Array.
• Implementation of Circular Queue.
• Implementation of Binary Search trees.
• Implementation of Hash table.
• Implementation of Heaps.
• Implementation of AVL Rotations.
• Implementation of Breadth First Search Techniques.
• Implementation of Depth First Search Techniques.
• Implementation of Prim’s Algorithm.
• Implementation of Dijkstra’s Algorithm.
• Implementation of Kruskal’s Algorithm
• Implementation of Searching Techniques
• Implementation of Sorting Techniques

 

Semester - II

PITA02   Grid Computing 

Unit-I: Grid Computing

Introduction – Definition – Scope of Grid Computing.

Unit-II: Grid Computing Initiatives

Grid Computing Organizations and their Roles – Grid Computing Analog – Grid Computing road map.

Unit-III: Grid Security And Applications

Grid Security - A brief security primer – PKI - X50 certificates - Merging the Grid sources – Architecture with the Web Devices Architecture.

Unit-IV: Technologies

OGSA – Sample Use Cases – OGSA Platform Components – OGSI – OGSA Basic Services.

Unit- V: Grid Computing Tool Kits

Globus Toolkit – Architecture– Programming Model – High Level Services – OGSI .Net Middleware Solutions.

 

PITA03   Advanced Java Programming

Unit-I: Advanced Java Swing Programming

Introduction of Swing, Swing Components, Look and Feel for Swing Components, Introduction to Multimedia Programming

Unit-II: Enterprise Java Beans

Enterprise Java Beans: EJB roles—EJB Client-Object -container-Transaction Management—implementing a Basic EJB Object-Implementing session Beans-Implementing Entity Beans-Deploying an enterprise Java Beans Object-Changes in EJB1.1 specification.

Unit-III: Database Programming, Servlets and JSP

ODBC and JDBC Drivers, Connecting to Database with the java.sql Package, Using JDBC Terminology; Evolving Nature of Area - Introduction to Servlets, Servlet Life Cycle, Servlet based Applications, Servlet and HTML, JSP: Introduction to JSP, JSP implicit objects, JSP based Applications

Unit-IV: Java Networking

RMI Introduction-Architecture- Defining remote Objects-Creating stubs & skeletons -Serializable classes-Accessing Remote Objects-factory classes-Dynamically loaded classes-RMI activation-Registering remote objects-marshalled objects

Unit-V: J2EE

The J2EE Platform, The J2EE connector Architecture, J2EE Packaging and Deployment Overview of Other Java Technologies: Java Message Service (JMS), Java in small memory space (PDA), Distributed Computing (J2EE, CORBA, DCOM)

 

PCSA06   Data Communication

Unit-I: Physical Layer

Uses of Computer Networks – Network Hardware – Network Software – Reference Models – Example Networks – Example Data Communication Services – Network Standardization – The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication – Transmission Media – Wireless Transmission – The Telephone System – Narrow band ISDN , Broadband ISDN and ATM – Cellular Radio – Communication Satellites

Unit-II: Data Link Layer

Data Link Layer Design Issues – Error Detection and Correction – Elementary Data Link Protocols – Sliding Window Protocols – Protocol Specification and Verification – Example Data Link Protocols – The Channel Allocation Problem – Multiple Access Protocols – IEEE Standard 802 for LANS and MANS – Bridges – High Speed LANS – Satellite Networks

Unit-III:

Network Layer

Network Layer Design Issues – Routing Algorithms – Congestion Control Algorithms – Internetworking – The Network Layer in the Internet – The Network Layer in ATM Networks

Transport Layer

Transport Service – Elements of Transport Protocols – A simple transport protocol – The Internet Transport Protocols (TCP and UDP) – The ATM AAL Layer Protocols – Performance Issues

Unit-IV: Application Layer

Network Security – Domain Name System (DNS) – Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) – Electronic Mail – Usenet News – The World Wide Web – Multimedia

Unit-V: ATM Networks

Introduction - ATM – Historical perspective – protocol architecture – logical connectives – cells – transmission of ATM cells – SDH – SONET – Switches. ATM Protocol – Connection setup – routing, switching.

 

PCSA17   Data Base Technology

Unit-I: Data Base System Concept                

File systems - Database systems - Database systems architecture - Data models - Relational model – Hierarchical model - Network model - Entity-Relationship model - Data Dictionary - Database Administration and control.

Unit-II: Relational Databases        

Codd's rules - Base tables - Views - Domains and key concept - Integrity rules - Relational Algebra – Relational calculus - Commercial query languages - Embedded SQL - Normalization and database design.

Unit-III: Database System Design

File and storage structures - Indexing and Hashing - Query processing - Database recovery - Concurrency control - Transaction processing - Security and Integrity - Triggers

Unit-IV: Distributed Databases                    

Centralized versus distributed databases - Fragmentation - Distributed database architecture - Client / Server databases - Distributed transactions - Locking and Commit protocols - Distributed concurrency Control – Security and reliability - Parallel databases

Unit-V: Advanced Databases                     

The World Wide Web - Object oriented database - Object Relational database - XML, XML/QL - Data Analysis and OLAP - Data mining - Data warehousing.

 

PITA04   Software Quality Assurance

Unit-I: Concepts

Concepts of Quality Control – Quality Assurance – Quality Management – Total Quality Management– Cost of Quality – QC Tools – 7 QC Tools and Modern Tools – Other Related Topics – Business Process Re–engineering – Zero Defect – Six Sigma – Quality Function Deployment – Benchmarking – Statistical Process Control.

Unit-II: Software Engineering Concepts

Software Engineering Principles – Software Project Management – Software Process– Project and Product Metrics – Risk Management – Software Quality Assurance; Statistical Quality Assurance – Software Reliability – Muse Model – Software Configuration Management – Software Testing; CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering).

Unit-III: Quality Assurance Models

Models for Quality Assurance – ISO–000 – Series – CMM – SPICE – Malcolm Baldrige Award.

Unit-IV: Software Quality Assurance Components In Project Life Cycle

Software Process – Definition and Implementation – Internal Auditing and Assessments – Software Testing – Concepts – Tools – Reviews - Integrating quality activities in project life cycle – Inspections & Walkthroughs – Documentation and Control – Quality of Software Maintenance components - PCMM.

Unit-V: Future Trends

PSP – TSP – CMMI – OO Methodology – Clean Room Software Engineering – Defect Injection and Prevention.

 

PITA05   Advanced Java Programming Lab

• Develop static pages (using Only HTML) of an online Bookstore. The pages should resemble: ww.amazon.com. The website should consist the following pages.  Home page, Registration and user Login, User Profile Page Books catalog, Shopping Cart, Payment By credit card, Order Conformation
• Validate the Registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages using JavaScript.
• Create and save an XML document at the server, which contains 10 users information. Write a program, which takes User Id as an input and returns the user details by taking the user information from the XML document.
• Bean Assignments
  
  • Create a Java Bean which gives the exchange value of INR (Indian Rupees) into equivalent American/Canadian/Australian Dollar value.
  • Create a simple Bean with a label - which is the count of number of clicks. Than create a Bean Info class such that only the “count” property is visible in the Property Window.
  • Create two Beans-a) Key Pad .b) Display Pad. After that integrate the two Beans to make it work as a Calculator.
  • Create two Beans Traffic Light (Implemented as a Label with only three background colors-Red, Green, Yellow) and Automobile (Implemented as a Text Box which states its state/movement). The state of the Automobile should depend on the following Light Transition Table. Light Transition Automobile State
    
    • Red ---> Yellow Ready
    • Yellow ---> Green Move
    • Green --> Red Stopped
• Install TOMCAT web server. Convert the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages using servlets and cookies. Hint: Users information (user id, password, credit card number) would be stored in web.xml. Each user should have a separate Shopping Cart.
• Redo the previous task using JSP by converting the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages. Create a database with user information and books information. The books catalogue should be dynamically loaded from the database. Follow the MVC architecture while doing the website.
• Implement the “Hello World!” program using JSP Struts Framework.

 

List of Electives

PITA07  Distributed Computing 

Unit-I: Fundamentals

Characterization of Distributed Systems – Examples – Resource Sharing and the Web – Challenges – System Models – Architectural and Fundamental Models – Networking and Internetworking – Types of Networks – Network Principles – Internet Protocols – Case Studies.

Unit-II: Processes And Distributed Objects

Interprocess Communication – The API for the Internet Protocols – External Data Representation and Marshalling – Client–Server Communication – Group Communication – Case Study – Distributed Objects and Remote Invocation – Communication between Distributed Objects – Remote Procedure Call – Events and Notifications – Java RMI – Case Study.

Unit –III: Operating System Issues

The OS Layer – Protection – Processes and Threads – Communication and Invocation – OS Architecture – Security – Overview – Cryptographic Algorithms – Digital Signatures – Cryptography Pragmatics – Case Studies – Distributed File Systems – File Service Architecture – Sun Network File System – The Andrew File System.

Unit-IV: Operating System Issues

Name Services – Domain Name System – Directory and Discovery Services – Global Name Service – X.500 Directory Service – Clocks – Events and Process States – Synchronizing Physical Clocks – Logical Time and Logical Clocks – Global States – Distributed Debugging – Distributed Mutual Exclusion – Elections – Multicast Communication Related Problems.

Unit-V: Distributed Transaction Processing

Transactions – Nested Transactions – Locks – Optimistic Concurrency Control – Timestamp Ordering – Comparison – Flat and Nested Distributed Transactions – Atomic Commit Protocols – Concurrency Control in Distributed Transactions – Distributed Deadlocks – Transaction Recovery – Overview of Replication and Distributed Multimedia Systems.

 

PITA08   E-Commerce

Unit-I: Introduction

Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce - Networks - Packet Switched Networks - TCP/IP Internet protocol - Domain name Services - Web Service Protocols - Internet applications - Utility programs - Markup Languages - Web Clients and Servers - Intranets and Extranets - Virtual private Network.

Unit-II: Core Technology

Electronic Commerce Models - Shopping Cart Technology - Data Mining - Intelligent Agents – Internet Marketing - XML and E-Commerce

Unit-III: Electronic Payment Systems

Real world Payment Systems - Electronic Funds Transfer - Digital Payment -Internet Payment Systems – Micro Payments - Credit Card Transactions - Case Studies.

Unit-IV: Security

Threats to Network Security - Public Key Cryptography - Secured Sockets Layer - Secure Electronic Transaction - Network Security Solutions - Firewalls.

Unit-V: Inter/Intra Organizations Electronic Commerce

EDI - EDI application in business - legal, Security and Privacy issues - EDI and Electronic commerce - Standards - Internal Information Systems - Macro forces - Internal commerce - Workflow Automation and Coordination - Customization and Internal commerce - Supply chain Management.

 

PITA0  Mobile Computing

Unit-I: Fundamentals

Medium Access Control – Motivation for Specialized MAC – SDMA – FDMA – TDMA – CDMA – Comparison of Access Mechanisms – Tele communications GSM – DECT – TETRA – UMTS – IMT – 200 – Satellite Systems Basics – Routing – Localization – Handover – Broadcast Systems Overview – Cyclic Repetition of Data – Digital Audio Broadcasting – Digital Video Broadcasting.

Unit-II: Wireless Networks

Wireless LAN Infrared Vs Radio Transmission – Infrastructure Networks– Ad hoc Networks – IEEE 802.11 – HIPERLAN – Bluetooth – Wireless ATM Working Group– Services – Reference Model – Functions – Radio Access Layer – Handover – Location Management – Addressing Mobile Quality of Service – Access Point Control Protocol.

Unit-III: Mobile Network Layer

Mobile IP Goals – Assumptions and Requirement – Entities – IP Packet Delivery – Agent Advertisement and Discovery – Registration – Tunneling and Encapsulation – Optimization – Reverse Tunneling – IPv6 – DHCP – Ad hoc Networks.

Unit-IV: Mobile Transport Layer

Traditional TCP – Indirect TCP – Snooping TCP – Mobile TCP – Fast Retransmit/ Fast Recovery – Transmission/ Timeout Freezing –Selective Retransmission – Transaction Oriented TCP.

Unit-V: WAP

Architecture – Datagram Protocol – Transport Layer Security – Transaction Protocol – Session Protocol – Application Environment – Wireless Telephony Application.

 

PITA10   Information Security

Unit-I: Introduction

History, What is Information Security?, Critical Characteristics of Information, NSTISSC Security Model, Components of an Information System, Securing the Components, Balancing Security and Access, The SDLC, The Security SDLC

Unit-II: Security Investigation

Need for Security, Business Needs, Threats, Attacks, Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues

Unit-III: Security Analysis

Risk Management: Identifying and Assessing Risk, Assessing and Controlling Risk

Unit-IV: Logical Design

Blueprint for Security, Information Security Poicy, Standards and Practices, ISO 177/BS 77, NIST Models, VISA International Security Model, Design of Security Architecture, Planning for Continuity

Unit-V: Physical Design

Security Technology, IDS, Scanning and Analysis Tools, Cryptography, Access Control Devices, Physical Security, Security and Personnel

 

PITA11 TCP/IP Technology

Unit: I-Introduction

Protocols and standards - OSI model - TCP/ IP protocol suite - addressing - versions - underlying technologies

Unit: II-IP Addresses, Routing, ARP and RARP

Classful addressing - other issues - subnetting - supernetting - classless addressing - routing methods - delivery - table and modules - CIDR - ARP package - RARP.

Unit: III- IP, ICMP, TGMP and UDP

Datagram - fragmentation - options - checksum - IP package - ICMP - messages, formats - error reporting - query - checksum - ICMP package - IGMP - messages, operation - encapsulation - IGMP package - UDP - datagram - checksum - operation - uses - UDP package. 

Unit: IV- TCP Unicast and Multicasting Protocols

Services - flow, congestion and error control - TCP package and operation - state transition diagram - unicast routing protocols - RIP - OSPF - BGP - multicast routing - trees - protocols - MOSPF - CBT - PIM.

Unit: V- Application Layers, Sockets

Client server model - concurrency - processes - sockets - byte ordering - socket system calls - TCP and UDP client-server programs - BOOTP -DHCP - DNS - name space, resolution - types of records - concept - mode of operation - Rlogin.

 

PITA12   Bio Informatics

Unit-I: Introduction 

The Central Dogma – Killer Application – Parallel Universes – Watson’s Definition – Top Down Vs Bottom Up Approach – Information Flow – Conversance – Communications.

Unit-II: Database And Networks        

Definition – Data Management – Data Life Cycle – Database Technology – Interfaces – Implementation – Networks: Communication Models – Transmission Technology – Protocols – Bandwidth – Topology – Contents – Security – Ownership – Implementation.

Unit-III: Search Engines And Data Visualization        

Search Process – Technologies – Searching And Information Theory – Computational Methods – Knowledge Management – Sequence Visualizations – Structure Visualizations – User Interfaces – Animation Vs Simulation

Unit-IV: Statistics, Data Mining And Pattern Matching

Statistical Concepts – Micro Arrays – Imperfect Data – Basics – Quantifying – Randomness – Data Analysis – Tools Selection – Alignment – Clustering – Classification – Data Mining Methods – Technology – Infrastructure Pattern Recognition – Discovery – Machine Learning – Text Mining – Pattern Matching Fundamentals – Dot Matrix Analysis – Substitution Matrix – Dynamic Programming – Word Method – Bayesian Method – Multiple Sequence Alignment Tools.

Unit-V: Modeling Simulation And Collaboration         

Drug Discovery Fundamentals – Protein Structure – System Biology Tools – Collaboration And Communication – Standards – Issues – Case Study.

 

PITA13   Web Technology

Unit-I: Introduction                     

Introduction – Network concepts – Web concepts – Internet addresses - Retrieving Data with URL – HTML – DHTML: Cascading Style Sheets - Scripting Languages: Javascript – Vbscript.

Unit-II: Common Gateway Interface           

Common Gateway Interface: Programming CGI Scripts – HTML Forms – Custom Database Query Scripts – Server Side Includes – Server security issues – XML.

Unit-III: Java Programming  

Java fundamentals: Classes – Inheritance – Packages – Interfaces – Exceptions Handling – Multi threading - Applets

Unit-IV: Server Side Programming                        

Server side Programming – Active server pages – Java server pages – Java Servlets: Servlet container – Exceptions – Sessions and Session Tracking – Using Servlet context – Dynamic Content Generation – Servlet Chaining and Communications.

Unit-V: Applications                    

Simple applications – Internet Commerce – Database connectivity – Online databases – EDI Applications in Business – Plug-ins – Firewalls  

 

PITA14   Soft Computing

Unit-I: Fuzzy Set Theory       

Introduction to Neuro – Fuzzy and soft Computing – Fuzzy Sets – Basic Definition and Terminology – Set-theoretic operations – Member Function Formulation and parameterization – Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning  - Extension principle and Fuzzy Relations – Fuzzy If-Then Rules – Fuzzy Reasoning – Fuzzy Inference Systems – Mamdani Fuzzy Models-Sugeno Fuzzy Models – Tsukamoto Fuzzy Models – Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling.

Unit-II: Optimization        

Derivative-based Optimization – Descent Methods – The Method of steepest Descent – Classical Newton’s Method – Step Size Determination – Derivative-free Optimization – Genetic Algorithms – Simulated Annealing – Random Search – Downhill Simplex Search.

Unit-III: Neural Networks       

Supervised Learning Neural Networks – Perceptrons-Adaline – Backpropagation Multilayer perceptrons – Radial Basis Function Networks – Unsupervised Learning  and Other Neural Networks – Competitive Learning Networks – Kohonen Self – Organizing Networks – Learning Vector Quantization – Hebbian Learning.

Unit-IV: Neuro Fuzzy Modeling          

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems – Architecture – Hybrid Learning Algorithm – learning Methods that Cross-fertilize ANFIS and RBFN – Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling – Framework – Neuron Functions for Adaptive Networks – Neuro Fuzzy Spectrum.

Unit-V: Application Of Computational Intelligence          

Printed Character Recognition – Inverse Kinematics Problems – Automobile Fuel Efficiency prediction – Soft Computing for Color Recipe Prediction.

 

PITA15   Digital Image Processing

Unit-I: Continous And Discrete Images And Systems

Light, Luminance, Brightness and Contrast, Eye, Monochrome vision model, Image processing problems and applications, Vision, camera, Digital processing system, 2-D sampling theory, Aliasing, Image quantization, Lloyd Max Quantizer, Dither, Color images, Linear systems and shift invariance, Fourier Transform, Z-Transform, Matriz theory results, Block matrices and Kronecker products.

Unit-II: Image Transforms

2-D orthogonal and Unitary transforms, 1-D and 2-D DFT, Cosine, Sine, Walsh Hadamard, Haar, Slant, Karhunen-loeve, Singular value decomposition transforms.

Unit-III: Image Enhancement

Point operations - contrast stretching, clipping and thresholding, density slicing, Histogram equalization, modification and specification, spatial operations - spatial averaging, low pass, high pass, band pass filtering, direction smoothing, medium filtering, generalized ceptrum and homomorphic filtering, edge enhancement using 2-D IIR and FIR filters, color enhancement.

Unit-IV: Image Restoration

Image observation models, sources of degradation, inverse and Wiener filtering, geometric mean filter, non linear filters, smoothing splines and interpolation, constrained least square restoration.

Unit-V: Image Data Compression, Image Reconstruction From Projections

Image data rates, pixel coding, predictive techniques, transform coding and vector DPCM. Lossy Compression – Lossless Compression – Variable Key coding - Block truncation coding, Wavelet transform coding of images, color image coding, Random transform, back projection operator, inverse random transform, back projection algorithm, fan beam and algebraic restoration techniques.

 

PITA16   XML and WEB Services

Unit-I: Introduction              

Role Of XML – XML and The Web – XML Language Basics – SOAP – Web Services – Revolutions Of XML – Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).

Unit-II: XML Technology

XML – Name Spaces – Structuring With Schemas and DTD – Presentation Techniques – Transformation – XML Infrastructure.

Unit-III: SOAP         

Overview Of SOAP – HTTP – XML-RPC – SOAP: Protocol – Message Structure – Intermediaries – Actors – Design Patterns And Faults – SOAP With Attachments.

Unit-IV: Web Services         

Overview – Architecture – Key Technologies  - UDDI – WSDL – ebXML – SOAP And Web Services In E-Com – Overview Of .NET And J2EE.

Unit-V: XML Security          

Security Overview – Canonicalization – XML Security Framework – XML Encryption – XML Digital Signature – XKMS Structure – Guidelines For Signing XML Documents – XML In Practice.

 

PITA17   Enterprise Resource Planning

Unit-I: Introduction to ERP : Evolution of ERP-ERP-Reason for the growth of the ERP market- Advantage-Enterprise-An overview: Integrated Management Information-Business modeling-integrated Data Model

Unit-II: ERP and Related Technologies: Business Process Reengineering-Management Information System-Decision Support System-Executive Information Data ware housing-data mining- OLAP-Supply Chain Management-A Manufacturing Perspective: CAD/CAM-MRP-BOMClosed Loop MRP-Data Management –Benefits of PDM-Make to order-Assembler-Engineer to order-Configure-ERP Modules.

Unit-III: ERP Market- Implementation LifeCycle: Introduction-Pre-Evaluation Screening-Package Evaluation-Project Planning Phase-Gap Analysis-Reengineering-Configuration- Implementation Team Training   Testing –End User Training-Post -Implementation

Unit-IV: Vendors, Consultant and Users- Future Directions in ERP: New Markets-New Channels- Faster Implementation Methodologies-Business Models and BAPIs-Convergence on Windows NT-New Business Segments-More Features-Web Enabling Markets  Snapshot

Unit-V: ERP Case Studies: SAP R/3 ,Oracle, People soft

 

PCSA10   Artificial Intelligence

Unit-I: Introduction

Intelligent Agents – Design of Rational Agents - Agents and environments - Good behavior – The nature of environments – structure of agents - Problem Solving - problem solving agents – example problems – searching for solutions – uniformed search strategies - avoiding repeated states – searching with partial information.
Unit:II- Searching Techniques

Informed search and exploration – Informed search strategies – heuristic function – local search algorithms and optimistic problems – local search in continuous spaces – online search agents and unknown environments - Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) – Backtracking search and Local search for CSP – Structure of problems - Adversarial Search – Games – Optimal decisions in games – Alpha – Beta Pruning – imperfect real-time decision – games that include an element of chance.

Unit-III: Knowledge Representation

First order logic – representation revisited – Syntax and semantics for first order logic – Using first order logic – Knowledge engineering in first order logic - Inference in First order logic – prepositional versus first order logic – unification and lifting – forward chaining – backward chaining - Resolution - Knowledge representation - Ontological Engineering - Categories and objects – Actions - Simulation and events – Mental  events and mental objects
Unit-IV: Learning

Learning from observations - forms of learning - Inductive learning - Learning decision trees - Ensemble learning - Knowledge in learning – Logical formulation of learning – Explanation based learning – Learning using relevant information – Inductive logic programming - Statistical learning methods - Learning with complete data - Learning with hidden variable - EM algorithm - Instance based learning - Neural networks - Reinforcement learning – Passive reinforcement learning - Active reinforcement learning - Generalization in reinforcement learning.

Unit-V: Applications

Communication – Communication as action – Formal grammar for a fragment of English – Syntactic analysis – Augmented grammars – Semantic interpretation – Ambiguity and disambiguation – Discourse understanding – Grammar induction - Probabilistic language processing - Probabilistic language models – Information retrieval – Information Extraction – Machine translation.

PCSA11    Pattern Recognition

Unit-I: Introduction

Pattern and feature-Training and learning in Pattern recognition approaches-Statistical pattern recognition- Syntactic pattern recognition-Neural pattern recognition-Reasoning driven pattern recognition-Discriminant functions-Linear and Fisher's discriminant functions

Unit-II: Statistical Pattern Recognition

Gaussian model-Supervised learning-Prametric estimation-Maximum likelihood estimation- Bayesian Decision Theory - Bayesian parameters estimation-Perception algorithm-LMSE algorithm-Problems with Bayes approach-Pattern classification by distance functions-Maximum distance pattern classifier

Unit-III: Cluster Analysis

Unsupervised learning-Clustering for Unsupervised learning and classification-C-means algorithm- Hierarchical procedures-Graph theoretic approach to pattern clustering-Validity of clustering solutions

Unit-IV: Syntactics Pattern Recognition

Elements of formal grammer-String generation as pattern description-Recognition of syntactic description- Parsing-Stochastic grammer and appllications-Graph based structural representation

Unit-V: Feature Extension And Recent Advances

Entropy minimisation-Karhunen-Loeve transformation-Neural Network structures for pattern recognition- Unsupervised learning -self organising networks-Fuzzy pattern classifiers-Genetic algorithms-Application to pattern recognition

 

PCSA12   Data Mining and Data Warehousing

Unit-I: Fundamentals

Relation to Statistics – Databases – Data Mining Functionalities – Steps in Data Mining Process – Architecture of Typical Data Mining Systems – Classification of Data Mining Systems – Overview of Data Mining Techniques.

Unit-II: Data Preprocessing And Association Rules

Data Preprocessing – Data Cleaning – Integration – Transformation – Reduction – Discretization Concept Hierarchies – Concept Description Data Generalization and Summarization Based Characterization – Mining Association Rules in Large Databases.

Unit-III: Predictive Modeling

Classification and Prediction Issues Regarding Classification and Prediction – Classification by Decision Tree Induction – Bayesian Classification – Other Classification Methods – Prediction – Clusters Analysis – Types of Data in Cluster Analysis – Categorization of Major Clustering Methods – Partitioning Methods – Hierarchical Methods.

Unit-IV: Data Warehousing

Data Warehousing Components – Multi Dimensional Data Model – Data Warehouse Architecture – Data Warehouse Implementation – Mapping the Data Warehouse to Multiprocessor Architecture – OLAP – Need – Categorization of OLAP Tools.

Unit-V: Applications

Applications of Data Mining – Social Impacts of Data Mining – Tools – An Introduction to DB Miner – Case studies – Mining WWW – Mining Text Databases – Mining Spatial Databases.

 

PCSA14   Unix Internals

Unit-I: Overview

General Overview of the System: History – System structure – User perspective – Operating system services – Assumptions about hardware – Introduction to the Kernel: Architecture of the UNIX operating system – Introduction to system concepts – The Buffer Cache: Buffer headers – Structure of the buffer pool – Scenarios for retrieval of a buffer – Reading and writing disk blocks – Advantages and disadvantages of the buffer cache

Unit-II: File Subsystem

 

Internal representation of files: inodes – Structure of a regular file – Directories – Conversion of a path name to an inode – Super block – inode assignment to a new file – Allocation of disk blocks

Unit-III: System Calls For The File System

Open – Read – Write – File and record locking – Adjusting the position of file I/O – Lseek – Close – File creation – Creation of special files – Changing directory, root, owner, mode – stat and fstat – Pipes – Dup – Mounting and unmounting file systems – Link – Unlink

Unit-IV: Processes

Process states and transitions – Layout of system memory – The context of a process – Saving the context of a process – Manipulation of the process address space – Sleep – Process Control: Process creation – Signals – Process termination – Awaiting process termination – Invoking other programs – User id of a process – Changing the size of a process - Shell – System boot and the INIT process– Process Scheduling

Unit-V: Memory Management And I/O

Memory Management Policies: Swapping – Demand paging – The I/O Subsystem: Driver Interface – Disk Drivers – Terminal Drivers – Streams – Inter process communication

 

PCSA16  Cryptography and Network Security

Unit:I-Conventional Encyrption

Conventional encryption model - DES - RC 5 Introduction to AE 5 - Random number generation

Unit:II- Number Theory And Public Key Cryptograhy

Modular arithmetic - Euler's theorem - Euclid's algorithm - Chinese remainder theorem - Primary and factorization - Discrete logarithms - RSA algorithm - Diffie hellman key exchange.

Unit:III-Message Authorisation And Hash Functions

Hash functions - Authentication requirements - authentication function - Message Authentication codes - Secure Hash Algorithms.

Unit:IV-Digital Signature And Authentication Protocols

Digital Signature - Authentication protocols - Digital Signature standard.

Unit :V -Network Security

Authentication Applications: Kerberos – X.50 Authentication Service - Pretty good privacy - S/MIME-IP Security Overview - Web Security.

 

PCSA47 Neural Networks

Unit-I: Artificial Neural Networks

Neuro-physiology - General Processing Element - Perceptrons - - ADALINE - LMS learning rule - MADALINE - MR2 training algorithm.

Unit-II: Back Propagation Network AND Bi-directional Association Memory

Back Propagation Network - updating of output and hidden layer weights – Derivation of BPN learning rule – Application of BPN - Associative memory - Bi-directional Associative Memory - Hopfield memory - traveling sales man problem.

Unit-III: Simulated Annealing and Counter Propagation Network

Annealing - Boltzmann machine learning - Application - Counter Propagation network - architecture - Training - Applications.

Unit-IV: Self Organizing Map AND Adaptive Reasoning Theory

Self-organizing map- Learning algorithm- Feature map classifier- Applications-Architecture of Adaptive Resonance Theory - Pattern matching in ART network.

Unit-V: Neocognitron

Architecture of Neocognitron - Data processing and performance of architecture of spacio - temporal networks for speech recognition.

 

PCSA1 Real Time Systems

Unit: I -Types & Issues

Real time Definitions - Types - Examples - Structure of an RTS - Task classes Real - time system issues - Architecture issues - OS issues - other issues - Performance measure for real - time systems.

Unit:II -Real Time Languages

Programming languages and tools - Language features - survey of commonly used programming languages – programming environments - run - time support Real – Time Systems life cycle - Real - time Specification and Design Techniques Natural languages - mathematical specification - Flow charts - structure charts - Pseudo code and PDL – FSA - DFD - Petri Nets - Warnier - Orr notation - state charts.

Unit: III -Scheduling Algorithms

Real - Time OS Task - control block model - Task states – Task management - POSIX. Task assignment and scheduling classical uniprocessor scheduling Algorithms – Task assignment - Fault Tolerance scheduling.

Unit: IV -Fault Tolerant Systems

Real-time communication Network Topologies - Protocols - Reliability - Testing and Fault Tolerance - Faults - Failures – Bugs and effects - reliability - Testing – Fault Tolerance.

Unit:V -Future Applications

Real - Time Applications - The first real - time application - Real - time database - real - time image processing - real-time UNIX.

 

PCSA20 C # and. Net Framework

Unit:I-Introduction To C#

Introducing C#, Understanding .NET, Overview of C#, Literals, Variables, Data Types, Operators, Expressions, Branching, Looping, Methods, Arrays, Strings, Structures, Enumerations

Unit: II- Object Oriented Aspects of C#

Classes, Objects, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, Operator Overloading, Delegates, Events, Errors and Exceptions

Unit: III- Application Development on .NET

Building Windows Applications, Accessing Data with ADO.NET

Unit: IV-Web Based Application Development on .NET

Programming Web Applications with Web Forms, Programming Web Services

Unit: V-The CLR and the .NET Framework

Assemblies, Versioning, Attributes, Reflection, Viewing MetaData, Type Discovery, Reflecting on a Type, Marshaling, Remoting, Understanding Server Object Types, Specifying a Server with an Interface, Building a Server, Building the Client, Using SingleCall, Threads.

 

PCSA21   High Speed Networks

Unit-I: Circuit Switched Networks: Performance of circuit switched networks – SONET – Densen Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) – Fiber – Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) – Intelligent Networks – CATV

Unit-II: ATM: Main features of ATM – Addressing Signaling & Routing – ATM Header Structure – ATM Adaptation layer – Management and control – BISDN Internetworking with ATM: Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5 – LAN Emulation over ATM – IP over ATM– Multiprotocol over ATM – Frame Relay over ATM

Unit-III: Wireless Networks: Introduction – The wireless channel – Link level design – Channel access – Network design – Standards – Future System and Standards

Unit-IV: Control of Networks: Objectives and methods of control – Circuit – Switched Networks – Datagram networks – ATM Networks

Unit-V: Optical Networks: Optical Links – WDM System – Optical Cross connects – Optical LANs – Optical Paths and Networks – Switching