KLEU UG AEIT Exam 2024 - Karnataka Lingayat Education Under Graduate All India Entrance Test : Application Form, Exam Date, Eligibility, Syllabus and Exam Pattern

Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum

KLEU UG AIET Syllabus of Physics

Introduction and Measurement

What is physics, scope, and excitement; Physics in relation to science, society, and technology, need for measurement, the system of units – SI, fundamental and derived units. Dimensions and their applications. Orders of magnitude, Accuracy, and errors in measurements – random and instrumental errors, Significant figures, and rounding off, Graphs, Trigonometric functions, simple ideas of differentiation and integration.

• Objects in motion in one dimension. Motion is a straight line, unit, and direction for time and position measurement.
• Uniform motion, its graphical representation, and formulae, speed, and velocity, relative velocity, Instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, its velocity-time graph, position-time graph, and formulae.
• The general relation between position and velocity is applied to a uniformly accelerated motion.
• Acceleration in general is one-dimensional motion.

• Vectors and scalars, vectors in two dimensions, general – vector addition and multiplication by a real number, zero – vector and its properties.
• Resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components.
• Scalar and Vector products. Motion in two dimensions, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration – projectile motion, general relation among position velocity – acceleration for motion in a plane – uniform circular motion.
• The motion of objects in three-dimensional space.

Laws of Motion

• Medical Entrance Exam Question Bank CDForce and inertia, the first law of motion. Momentum, the second law of motion, impulse, some kinds of forces in nature, Third law of motion, conservation of momentum, rocket propulsion. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
• Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication, inertial and non – inertial frames.

• Work was done by a constant force and by a variable force, unit of work, kinetic energy, power, Elastic collision in one and two dimensions, Potential energy, gravitational potential energy, and its conversion to kinetic energy, the potential energy of a spring.
• Different forms of energy equivalence, conservation of energy.

• Center of a mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation, and center of mass motion.
• Center of a mass of a rigid body, the general motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion, the rotational motion of a single particle in two dimensions only, torque, angular momentum, and its geometrical and physical meaning, conservation of angular moment of inertia, its physical significance, parallel axis, and perpendicular axis theorem (statements only).

Gravitation

• Acceleration due to gravity, one-dimensional motion under gravity, two-dimensional motions under gravity.
• The universal law of gravitation, inertia, and gravitational mass, variations in the acceleration due to the gravity of the earth, orbital velocity, geostationary satellites, gravitational potential energy near the surface of the earth, gravitational potential, escape velocity.

• Specific heat, specific heat at constant, volume and pressure of the ideal gas, the relation between them, First law of thermodynamics.
• Thermodynamic state, Equation of state and isothermal, pressure-temperature phase diagram. Thermodynamic processes (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic).
• Carnot cycle, Second law of Thermodynamics, Efficiency of heat engines: Conduction, convection, and radiation.
• Thermal conductivity, black body radiation, Wien’s law, Stefan’s law. Newton’s law of cooling.

Waves

• Wave motion, speed of wave motion, Principle of superpositions, Reflection of waves, harmonic waves (qualitative treatment only) standing waves, and normal modes and their graphical representation.
• Beats, Doppler effect. Musical scale, Acoustics of Building.

• Frictional electricity, charges and their conservation, elementary unit, Coulomb’s law, dielectric constant, electric field, electric field due to a point charge, dipole field and dipoles 1 behavior in a uniform (2 – dimensional) electric field, flux, Gauss’s law in simple geometric, Conductors and insulator, presence of free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
• Dielectric (concept only), Capacitance (parallel plate) series and parallel, energy, and capacitor, high voltage generators, atmospheric electricity.

• Introduction (flow of current), sources of e.m.f. (cells: simple, secondary, chargeable), Electric current resistance of different materials, temperature dependence, thermistor, specific resistivity, Color code of carbon resistance, Ohm’s law.
• Kirchhoff's law, resistance in series and parallel, series and parallel circuits, Wehetston’s bridge, measurement of voltages and currents potentiometer.

Magnetic Effect of Currents

• Oersted’s observation, Biot – Savart’s law (magnetic field due to a current element), magnetic field due to a straight wire, circular loop, and solenoid.
• Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field (Lorentz force), cyclotron (simple idea), forces and torque on currents in a magnetic field, forces between two currents, Definition of Ampere, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter.

Electromagnetic Waves (Qualitative Treatment) 

Electromagnetic oscillations, some history of electromagnetic waves (Maxwell, Hertz, Bose, Marconi) Electromagnetic spectrum (radio, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x – rays, alpha, beta and gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses and propagation, properties of the atmosphere with respect to various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Atoms, Molecules, and Nuclei 

Rutherford model of the atom, Bhor model, energy quantization, hydrogen spectrum, the composition of a nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, size of the nucleus, radioactivity, Mass-energy relation, nuclear fission, and fusion, nuclear holocaust.

Syllabus of Chemistry

Atoms Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic 

• Measurement in Chemistry (Significant Figures, SI Unit, Dimensional Analysis). Chemical classification of matter (mixtures, compounds and elements, and purification).
• Law of chemical combination and Dalton’s Atomic theory. Atomic Mass (mole concept, determination of chemical formulas). Chemical equation (balancing of chemical equation and calculations using chemical equations).

• Earth as a source of elements, elements in biology, Elements in the sea, extraction of metals (metallurgical process, production of concentrated ore, production of metals and their purification).
• The mineral wealth of India, Qualitative test of metals.

• Gaseous state (measurable properties of gases, Boyle’s Law, Charles Law and absolute scale of temperature, Avogadro’s hypothesis, ideal gas equation, Dalton’s law of partial pressure ). Kinetic molecular theory of gases (the microscopic model of a gas, deviation from ideal behavior).
• The solid-state (classification of solids X-Ray studies of Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells, Packing of Constituent Particles in Crystals). Liquid State (Properties of Liquids, Vapour Pressure, Surface Tension, Viscosity).

Atomic Structures 

• Constituents of the atom (Discovery of an electron, nuclear model of the atom).
• Electronic structure of atoms (nature of light and electromagnetic waves, atomic spectra, Bhor’s model of a Hydrogen atom, Quantum mechanical model of the atom, electronic configurations of atoms, Aufbau principle).
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• Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Modern Periodic Law, Types of elements (Representative elements-s and p block elements, inner transition elements - dinner transition element -f-block elements).
• Periodic trends in properties (Ionization energy, electron, affinity, atomic radii, valence, periodicity in properties of compounds).

• Chemical bonds and Lewis structure shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory). Quantum theory of the covalent bond (Hydrogen and some other simple molecules, carbon compounds, hybridization, Boron and Beryllium compounds).
• Coordinate covalent bond ( Ionic bond as an extreme case of a polar covalent bond, the ionic character of molecules and polar molecules. Bonding is a solid-state (Ionic, molecular, and covalent solids, metals). Hydrogen bond, Resonance.

Carbons and their compounds 

• Elemental carbon, carbon compounds, Inorganic compounds of carbon (Oxides of carbon, halides, carbides).
• Organic compounds, Nomenclature of organic compounds (Hydrocarbons, Functional Groups).
• Some common organic compounds (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Halides, Acids, Nitro compounds, and amines).
  

• Energy changes during a chemical reaction. Internal energy and Enthalpy ( Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy Changes, Origin of Enthalpy change in a reaction, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, numerically based on these concepts ).
• Heats of Reactions ( heat of neutralization, the heat of combustion, heat effusion, and vaporization ).
• Sources of energy ( Conservation of energy sources, pollution associated with consumption of fuels.
• The sun as the primary source ).
• What decides the direction of a spontaneous change in a chemical reaction? ( An elementary idea of free energy change ). Why energy crisis if energy is conserved in nature.

• Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid – gas equilibria, equilibrium involving the dissolution of solids in liquids, gases in liquids, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes).
• Equilibria Involving chemical systems (the law of chemical equilibrium, the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, numerical problems).
• Effect of chaining conditions of systems at equilibrium (change of temperature, change of concentration, an effect of catalyst – Le Chat liar’s principle).
• Equilibria involving ions (ionization of electrolytes, weak and strong electrolytes, acid-base equilibrium, various concepts of acids and bases, ionization of water, pH, solubility product, numerically based on these concepts ).

Rates of Chemical Reactions

• Oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer process. Redox reactions in aqueous solution – electrochemical cells. EMF of a galvanic cell.
• Dependence of EMF on concentration and temperature ( nearest equation & numerical problems based on it ).
• Electrolysis, Oxidation numbers (Rules for assigning oxidation number, redox reactions in terms of oxidation number and nomenclature).
• Balancing of oxidation-reduction equations.

• The rate of Reaction: Instantaneous rate of a reaction and order of a reaction.
• Factors affecting rates of reaction (factors affecting the rate of collisions encountered between the reactant molecules, an effect of temperature on the reaction rate, concepts of activation energy, catalysis).
• Effect of light on rates of reactions.
• Elementary reactions as steps to more complex reactions. How fast are chemical reactions?

• Iron (occurrence and extraction, compounds of iron, oxides, halides, sulfides, sulfate, alloy, and steel.
• Copper, silver, and gold (occurrence and extraction’s properties and uses, compound – sulfides, halides, and sulfates, photography).
• Zinc and Mercury (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compound – oxides, halides, sulfides, and sulfates).
• Tin and Lead (occurrence and extraction, properties, uses, compounds-oxides, sulfides, halides).

Preparation and Properties of Hydrocarbons

• Alkanes ( structure, isomerism, confirmation)
• Stereo Isomerism and chirality ( origin of chirality, optical relation, racemic mixture ).
• Alkenes ( isomerism including cis-trans ).
• Alkynes.
• Arenes ( structure of benzene, resonance structure, isomerism in arenas ).

• Sources of Hydrocarbons ( origin and composition of coal and petroleum; Hydrocarbons from coal and petroleum, cracking and reforming, quality of gasoline – octane number, gasoline additives ). Laboratory preparation of alkanes ( preparation from unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, and carboxylic acids ).
• Laboratory preparation of alkenes ( preparation from alcohols, alkyl halides ).

• Laboratory preparation of alkyls ( preparation from calcium carbide and acetylene ).
• Physical properties of alkanes ( boiling and melting points, solubility, and density ).
• Reactions of hydrocarbons 9 ( oxidation, addition, substitution, and miscellaneous reactions

Syllabus of Biology

The Living World

• Nature and Scope of Biology. Methods of Biology. Our Place in the universe. Laws that govern the Universe and life. Level of the organization. Cause and effect relationship. Being alive.
• What does it mean? The present approach to understand life processes: Molecular approach; life as an expression of energy; steady-state and homeostasis; self-duplication and survival, adaptation; death as a positive part of life. An attempt to define life in the above.
• Origin of Life and its maintenance. Origin and diversity of life. Physical and chemical principles that maintain life processes, living trust, and interdependence. The positive and negative aspects of progress in biological sciences. The future of the living world, identification of human responsibility in shaping our future. A cell is a unit of life.
• Small biomolecules; water, minerals, mono and oligosaccharides, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and their Biology, cellular locations, and function.
• Macromolecules in cells – their Biology, Cellular location, and functional significance. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Enzymes; chemical nature, classification, a mechanism in action – enzyme complex, allosteric Modulation ( brief ), irreversible activation, Biomembranes.
• Medical Entrance Exam Question Bank CDFluid mosaic model of a membrane in transport recognition of external information ( brief ). Structural organization of the cell; light and electron microscopic views of a cell, its organelles, and their functions; Nucleus mitochondria chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi Complex, Lysosomes, microtubules, Cell Wall, Cilia, and Flagella, Vacuoles, Cell Inclusion. A general account of cellular respiration.
• Fermentation, biological oxidation ( a cycle outline ), mitochondrial electron transport chain, high energy bonds, and oxidative phosphorylation, cell reproduction; Process of Mitosis and Meiosis.

• Introduction: The enormous variety of living things, the need for classification to cope with this variety, taxonomy, and phylogeny; shortcomings of a two-kingdom classification as plants and animals; a five-kingdom classification. Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. The basic features of five kingdom classification, modes of obtaining nutrition – autotrophs and heterotrophs. Lifestyles; producers. consumers and decomposers, Unicellularity and Multicellularity Phylogenetic relationships.
• Concepts of species, taxon and categories hierarchical levels of classification; binomial nomenclature; principles of classification and nomenclature; identification and nature of viruses and bacteriophages and organisms kingdom Moera – archaebacteria – life in extreme environments, Bacteria, actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria.
• Examples to illustrate autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyle; mineralizer – nitrogen fixers; Monera in cycling matter, symbiotic forms; disease producers. Kingdom Protista – Eucaryon, Unicellular organisms; development of flagella and cilia; a beginning of mitosis; syngamy and sex. Various lifestyles showed in the major phyla.
• Evolutionary precursors of complex life forms. Diatoms, dinoflagellates, slime molds, protozoans; symbiotic forms. Plants kingdom – complex autotrophs, red-brown and green algae; the conquest of land, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Vascularization; development of the flower, fruit and seed, Kingdom fungi – lower fungi ( Zygomycetes ) higher fungi; ( Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, the importance of fungi Decomposers; Parasitics forms; lichens and mycorrhizae, the animal kingdom – animal body pattern and symmetry, the development of body cavity in an invertebrate, vertebrate physician.
• Salient feature with reference to habitat and examples of phylum Porifera, Coelenterata, helminths, annelids, Mollusca, Arthropoda, echinoderms, Chordata – (classes fishes amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammal) highlighting major characters.

Organism and Environment

• Species: Origin and concepts of species population: interaction between environment and population community, an interaction between different species, biotic stability, changes in the community – succession, Ecosystem; Interaction between biotic and abiotic components; major ecosystems, Man-made ecosystem – Agroecosystem.
• Biosphere; a flow of energy, trapping of solar energy, energy pathway, food chain, food web, biogeochemical cycles, calcium and sulfur, ecological imbalance and its consequences. Conservation of natural resources; renewable and non – renewable ( in Brief ). Water and land management, wasteland development.
• Wildlife and forest conservation; causes for the extinction of some wildlife, steps are taken to conserve the remaining species, concepts of endangered species – Indian examples, conservation of forest; Indian forests, the importance of forest, hazards of deforestation, afforestation. Environmental pollution; air and water pollution, sources, major pollutants of big cities of our country, their effects and methods of control, pollution due to nuclear fallout and waste disposal, effect and control, Noise pollution; sources and effects.

• Multicellularity: Structure and Function – Plant Life Form and function. Tissue system in flowing plants; meristematic and permanent. Minerals nutrition – essential elements, major functions of different elements, passive and active uptake of minerals. Modes of nutrition, transport of solutes and water in plants, Photosynthesis; Photochemical and biosynthetic phases, diversity in photosynthetic pathways, photosynthetic electron transport and photophosphorylation, photorespiration.Transpiration and exchange of gases.
• Stomatal mechanism. Osmoregulation in plants, water relations in plants cells, water potential. Reproduction and development in Angiosperms plants; asexual and sexual. Structure and functions of flower: development of male and female gametophytes in angiosperms, pollination, fertilization, and development of endosperms, embryo seed, and fruit. Differentiation and organ formation. Plant hormones and growth regulation; Action of plant hormones in relation to seed dormancy and germination, apical dominance, senescence, and abscission.
• Applications of synthetic growth regulators. A brief account of growth and movements in plants, photomorphogenesis in plants including a brief account of phytochrome.

• BELAGAVI - J.N. Medical College, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi-590 010.
• BENGALURU -1: S.Nijalingappa College, II Block, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru–560010.
• BENGALURU -2: KLE Independent P.U. College, Next to BDA Complex, Outer Ring Road, Nagarbhavi, II Phase, Bengaluru - 72.
• BENGALURU -3: To be announced shortly.
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• MUMBAI – KLE Society’s Science & Commerce College, Plot No. 29, Sector 1, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai - 410218 (Maharashtra)Ph. 022-60022240.
• HYDERABAD - G.Pullareddy College of Pharmacy, Masab Tank, Meddi Patnam, Hyderabad – 500 028.

• CHANDIGARH – Indo Global College Of Engineering, Abhipur (Near Chandigarh ), Dist: SAS Nagar ( Mohali) Punjab.
• KOLKATA - The Bhawanipur Education Society College, 5 Lala Lajpat Rai Sarani, Kolkata: 700 020
• BHOPAL – Sagar Public School, Sanket Nagar, Bhopal-462024 (Near AIIMS)
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