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- U.P.S.C.
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- Fashion Technology Entrance Exams
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- RRB (Railway Recruitment Board)
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Select the required stream from the list given below to continue
 Agriculture Science and Technology | Details |
Agriculture science and technology is an applied science industry. Its objective is to impart technical and professional knowledge of biological and chemical principles so that they can be utilized in the areas of soils and fertilizers, pests and control procedures, and crop and livestock production and management.
Agriculture Science and Technology is further divided into following sub categories –
- Agriculture and Allied Practices
- Dairy Technology and Management
- Forestry and Wild Life
- Horticulture
- Plant Pathology
- Poultry and Dairy Farming
| Architecture | Details |
Architecture is discipline which includes designing of the a structural environment which begins right from the macro level of how a building integrates with its surrounding landscape to the micro level of architectural or construction details. Architecture includes plumbing, sewerage system, heating, cooling, ventilation systems, electrical wiring's, landscape arrangements and so on. In some cases, interior architecture and furnishings need to be specified as well.
Architectural works represent cultural and political symbols and works of art. Historical civilizations are often known primarily through their architectural achievements. Buildings like the pyramids of Egypt and the Roman Colosseum are cultural symbols, and are an important link in public consciousness. Cities, regions and cultures continue to identify themselves with their architectural monuments. Buildings have been a big source of information for Historians whose expertise serves to explain ancient history.
Buildings of today are getting larger, stronger and more durable. It has happened because technology and science has aided architects to harness the power of innovation. There is more to creating a design than mere aesthetics. Safety and functionality are vital aspects of a sound building plan. It is essential that a building conforms to set quality and regulatory specifications.
Architectural works represent cultural and political symbols and works of art. Historical civilizations are often known primarily through their architectural achievements. Buildings like the pyramids of Egypt and the Roman Colosseum are cultural symbols, and are an important link in public consciousness. Cities, regions and cultures continue to identify themselves with their architectural monuments. Buildings have been a big source of information for Historians whose expertise serves to explain ancient history.
Buildings of today are getting larger, stronger and more durable. It has happened because technology and science has aided architects to harness the power of innovation. There is more to creating a design than mere aesthetics. Safety and functionality are vital aspects of a sound building plan. It is essential that a building conforms to set quality and regulatory specifications.
| Arts | Details |
Arts is a vast subject whose boundaries cannot be defined. Arts can be defined in general as a broad subdivision of culture composed of many expressive disciplines. The field of arts broadly includes visual arts, literature, performing arts, including music, drama, film, dance, related media etc. It's an area in which one looks closer at the social issues, people, emotions, environment and everything connected with it. It helps in presenting an outlook which is there but not easily perceived. The artist brings out that which cannot be seen or felt easily. Therefore on of its role is to provide opportunities for change in thought, appreciation etc. of the message behind that particular art.
Art studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills. Art is also a medium of self-expression which can be utilized for not only creative satisfaction but also as means for livelihood. Employers and individual clients are always on the lookout for talented and creative artists. The poet, musician, actor, and visual artist all have a desire to express what they feel and to create something of great value both artistic and economic.
Self-employed artists offer their services to advertising agencies, design firms, publishing houses, and other businesses. Earnings for self-employed artists vary widely. Some charge only a nominal fee while they gain experience and build a reputation for their work. Others, such as well-established freelance fine artists and illustrators, can earn more than salaried artists. M.F. Husain is a fine example of such an artist.
Opportunities for those persuing this field of work are in advertising and related services, newspaper, periodicals, books, software publishers, motion picture and video industries, specialized design services, computer systems design and related services. Demand for illustrators has increase as web sites use more detailed images and backgrounds in their designs. The services of illustrators are also needed by the medical science for various research projects. Many cartoonists post their work on political web sites and online publications. They create animated or interactive images to satisfy readers’ demands for more sophisticated images.
- Archaeology
- Career in NGO
- Cinema and Photography
- Criminology and Police Administration
- Development Prog. Officer
- Drawing, Arts and Craft
- Economics
- Education
- Fine Arts
- General
- Geography
- Human Resource Management
- Industrial Relation Officer
- Languages
- Liberal Arts
- Library Science
- Mathematics
- Music, Dance and Drama
- Office Admin and Secretarial Practice
- Oriental Culture / Studies
- Philosophy
- Physical Education
- Political Science
- Psephology
- Psychology
- Public Administration
- Religious Studies / Theology
- Rural Developent
- Social Sciences
- Social Work
- Sociology
- Specialised Studies
- Statistics
- Tourism Studies
- Vocational Course
| Civil Aviation and Merchant Navy | Details |
Civil aviation is a field of study whose subject is non-military aviation, both private and commercial. All scheduled air transport is commercial, but general aviation can be either commercial or private. Normally, the pilot, aircraft, and operator must all be authorized to perform commercial operations through separate commercial licensing, registration, and operation certificates.
Most of the countries in the world are members of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and work together to establish common standards and recommended practices for civil aviation through that agency.
The Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) was established in 1944. According to it all signatories should collectively work to harmonize and standardize the use of airspace for safety, efficiency and regularity of air transport. All the States signatory to the Chicago Convention,required to implement the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of the Convention.
Each signatory country has a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (such as the FAA in the United States) to oversee the following areas of civil aviation:
a) Personnel Licensing - Regulating the basic training and issuance of licenses and certificates.
b) Flight Operations - Carrying out safety oversight of commercial operators.
c) Airworthiness - Issuing certificates of registration and certificates of airworthiness to civil aircraft, and overseeing the safety of maintenance organizations.
d) Aerodromes - Designing and constructing aerodrome facilities.
e) Air Traffic Services - Managing the traffic in a country's airspace.
Civil aviation includes two major categories:
I) Scheduled air transport, including all passenger and cargo flights operating on regularly-scheduled routes
II) General aviation (GA), including all other civil flights, private or commercial
1) Commercial aviation - It includes most or all flying done for hire, from sightseeing in a small plane to charter flights to a hunting lodge to scheduled service on airlines
2) Private aviation - It includes pilots flying for their own purposes (recreation, business meetings, etc.) without receiving any kind of remuneration.
Most countries also make a regulatory distinction based on whether aircraft are flown for hire.
Merchant Navy refers to non-combatant commercial fleet/ships/crew engaged in a nation's shipping which deals with transporting cargo and, occasionally, passengers, by sea. Depending on the nation, the terms merchant navy, merchant marine, or merchant fleet may be used to refer to these vessels.Genreally a shipping fleet comprises of a number of people who operate the ships, including merchant seaman, merchant sailor, and merchant mariner, or simply seaman, sailor, or mariner. The terms "seaman" or "sailor" may also refer to a member of a country's navy.
Sea transport remains the largest carrier of freight in the world. Thoug slower than air transport, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of moving large quantities of non-perishable goods. Transport by water is significantly less costly than transport by air for trans-continental shipping.
Ship transport is used for a variety of unpackaged raw materials ranging from chemicals, petroleum products, and bulk cargo such as coal, iron ore, cereals, bauxite etc. Other cargo commonly known as general cargo covers goods that are packaged to some extent in boxes, cases, pallets, barrels etc.
Most Ocean going vessels now operate an Unmanned Engineroom System allowing engineers to work days only. The engine room is computer controlled by night, although the duty engineer will make inspections during unmanned operation. Engineers work in a hot, humid, noisy atmosphere. Communication in the engineroom is therefore by hand signals and lip-reading, and good teamwork often stands in place of any communication at all.
Few of the merchant navies or merchant marines of various countries are :
1. Indian Merchant Navy
2. British Merchant Navy
3. Canadian Merchant Navy
4. United States Merchant Marine
The Merchant Navy offers a career like no other. Not only does it offer excellent remuneration and promotional opportunities, but also tremendous scope for adventure and travel. The commercial purpose of the fleet offers lucrative openings for engineers and navigators.
Most of the countries in the world are members of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and work together to establish common standards and recommended practices for civil aviation through that agency.
The Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) was established in 1944. According to it all signatories should collectively work to harmonize and standardize the use of airspace for safety, efficiency and regularity of air transport. All the States signatory to the Chicago Convention,required to implement the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of the Convention.
Each signatory country has a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (such as the FAA in the United States) to oversee the following areas of civil aviation:
a) Personnel Licensing - Regulating the basic training and issuance of licenses and certificates.
b) Flight Operations - Carrying out safety oversight of commercial operators.
c) Airworthiness - Issuing certificates of registration and certificates of airworthiness to civil aircraft, and overseeing the safety of maintenance organizations.
d) Aerodromes - Designing and constructing aerodrome facilities.
e) Air Traffic Services - Managing the traffic in a country's airspace.
Civil aviation includes two major categories:
I) Scheduled air transport, including all passenger and cargo flights operating on regularly-scheduled routes
II) General aviation (GA), including all other civil flights, private or commercial
1) Commercial aviation - It includes most or all flying done for hire, from sightseeing in a small plane to charter flights to a hunting lodge to scheduled service on airlines
2) Private aviation - It includes pilots flying for their own purposes (recreation, business meetings, etc.) without receiving any kind of remuneration.
Most countries also make a regulatory distinction based on whether aircraft are flown for hire.
Merchant Navy refers to non-combatant commercial fleet/ships/crew engaged in a nation's shipping which deals with transporting cargo and, occasionally, passengers, by sea. Depending on the nation, the terms merchant navy, merchant marine, or merchant fleet may be used to refer to these vessels.Genreally a shipping fleet comprises of a number of people who operate the ships, including merchant seaman, merchant sailor, and merchant mariner, or simply seaman, sailor, or mariner. The terms "seaman" or "sailor" may also refer to a member of a country's navy.
Sea transport remains the largest carrier of freight in the world. Thoug slower than air transport, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of moving large quantities of non-perishable goods. Transport by water is significantly less costly than transport by air for trans-continental shipping.
Ship transport is used for a variety of unpackaged raw materials ranging from chemicals, petroleum products, and bulk cargo such as coal, iron ore, cereals, bauxite etc. Other cargo commonly known as general cargo covers goods that are packaged to some extent in boxes, cases, pallets, barrels etc.
Most Ocean going vessels now operate an Unmanned Engineroom System allowing engineers to work days only. The engine room is computer controlled by night, although the duty engineer will make inspections during unmanned operation. Engineers work in a hot, humid, noisy atmosphere. Communication in the engineroom is therefore by hand signals and lip-reading, and good teamwork often stands in place of any communication at all.
Few of the merchant navies or merchant marines of various countries are :
1. Indian Merchant Navy
2. British Merchant Navy
3. Canadian Merchant Navy
4. United States Merchant Marine
The Merchant Navy offers a career like no other. Not only does it offer excellent remuneration and promotional opportunities, but also tremendous scope for adventure and travel. The commercial purpose of the fleet offers lucrative openings for engineers and navigators.
| Commerce | Details |
Commerce is a term which comprises the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money between two or more entities. Simply put it is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer. Commerce acts as the central mechanism which drives capitalism and certain other economic systems.
But before any material is to become saleable it needs Commercialization or commercialisation. Thus Commercialization consists of the process of transforming something into a product, service or activity which one may then use in commerce.
E-Commerce - A commerce that is transacted electronically over Internet is simply known as Electronic Commerce. EC functions through paperless exchange of business information using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and related technologies. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with wide-spread Internet usage. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way including electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange etc.
Commerce generally includes these components -
1. Banking
2. Mutual Fund
3. Insurance
4. Finance
5. Chartered Accountancy
6. Cost and Work Accountancy
7. Corporate Administration
8. Capital Market
The commerce study generally includes elementary banking and accountancy, general commercial knowledge, shorthand and typewriting. Some other study also includes theoretical economics including money and exchange. But the main part of the course is devoted to subjects like Business Organisation, Secretarial Practice, Commercial Geography, Commercial Statistics and Mercantile Law, Accountancy /Banking /Transport.
In the matter of employment a good number of candidates are offered positions, through campus recruitment, even before their results are declared.Career opportunities are ample in the fields of banking and finance, general management, civil services and academics.
But before any material is to become saleable it needs Commercialization or commercialisation. Thus Commercialization consists of the process of transforming something into a product, service or activity which one may then use in commerce.
E-Commerce - A commerce that is transacted electronically over Internet is simply known as Electronic Commerce. EC functions through paperless exchange of business information using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and related technologies. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with wide-spread Internet usage. A wide variety of commerce is conducted in this way including electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange etc.
Commerce generally includes these components -
1. Banking
2. Mutual Fund
3. Insurance
4. Finance
5. Chartered Accountancy
6. Cost and Work Accountancy
7. Corporate Administration
8. Capital Market
The commerce study generally includes elementary banking and accountancy, general commercial knowledge, shorthand and typewriting. Some other study also includes theoretical economics including money and exchange. But the main part of the course is devoted to subjects like Business Organisation, Secretarial Practice, Commercial Geography, Commercial Statistics and Mercantile Law, Accountancy /Banking /Transport.
In the matter of employment a good number of candidates are offered positions, through campus recruitment, even before their results are declared.Career opportunities are ample in the fields of banking and finance, general management, civil services and academics.
| Engineering | Details |
Engineering as concept has existed since ancient times. Humans have always been devising basic inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects. Engineering as a subject is a discipline and profession of applying technical and scientific knowledge, utilizing natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely aim a desired objective which meets a specified criteria.
Dynamic Field
Engineering is a vast and dynamic field that offers infinite specialisation. All fields in the modern economy have been invigorated by engineering technology.
With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, Nanotechnology, Molecular engineering, Mechatronics etc.
The new branches sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. These new branches are more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology. Emergence of departments and programs for new branches in major universities is an indicator of new branches of engineering. Most of fields overlap considerably, especially in the areas of the application of sciences to their disciplines such as physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Multidimensional Role
Initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline and throughout his career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
Engineers as professionals take seriously their responsibility to produce designs that will perform as expected and will not cause unintended harm to the public at large.
Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure.The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in real conditions. It is of greatest value when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure during disasters like bridge collapses.
Studying engineering means choosing a profession in which demand is constantly rising. Computer science, biomedical research, aviation and telecommunications are in particular, rapidly developing fields.
Engineering holds a bright and exciting future for those who pursue it as engineering is a key driver of human development.
Engineering is a well respected profession.Study of this field gives students a highly charged life which is filled with activities pertaining to the field of engineering.
Association with other like minded people will bring about concrete means for improving the world.
Engineering is field of employment which always has openings in government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc.
Dynamic Field
Engineering is a vast and dynamic field that offers infinite specialisation. All fields in the modern economy have been invigorated by engineering technology.
With the rapid advancement of technology many new fields are gaining prominence and new branches are developing such as Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, Nanotechnology, Molecular engineering, Mechatronics etc.
The new branches sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches such as Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. These new branches are more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology. Emergence of departments and programs for new branches in major universities is an indicator of new branches of engineering. Most of fields overlap considerably, especially in the areas of the application of sciences to their disciplines such as physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Multidimensional Role
Initially an engineer will be trained in a specific discipline and throughout his career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas.
Engineers as professionals take seriously their responsibility to produce designs that will perform as expected and will not cause unintended harm to the public at large.
Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure.The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in real conditions. It is of greatest value when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure during disasters like bridge collapses.
Studying engineering means choosing a profession in which demand is constantly rising. Computer science, biomedical research, aviation and telecommunications are in particular, rapidly developing fields.
Engineering holds a bright and exciting future for those who pursue it as engineering is a key driver of human development.
Engineering is a well respected profession.Study of this field gives students a highly charged life which is filled with activities pertaining to the field of engineering.
Association with other like minded people will bring about concrete means for improving the world.
Engineering is field of employment which always has openings in government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc.
- Aeronautical Engineering
- Agricultural Engineering
- Architecture Engineering
- Automobile Engineering
- Biomedical Engineering
- Biotechnology
- Ceramic Technology
- Chemical Engineering
- Civil Engineering
- Computer Engineering
- Electrical Engineering
- Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Environmental Engineering
- Genetic Engineering
- Industrial and Production Engineering
- Instrumentation Engineering
- Marine Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering
- Metallurgical Engineering
- Mining Engineering
- Petroleum Engineering
- Plastic Technology
- Polymer Engineering
- Robotics
- Rubber Technology
- Software Engineering
- Space Technology
- Specialised
- Structural Engineering
- Telecommunication
- Textile Technology / Textile Engineering
- Thermal Engineering
- Water Resources Engineering
| Fashion and Interior Designing | Details |
Fashion
Fashion is a field which is multifaceted one, owing to the fact that fashion is ever present in almost all aspects of our lives. In terminology it is generally used to describe a style and custom of clothing worn by most of people of a country.
But what makes Fashion so popular is that it is a form of art and business. Since it is a business, the industry offers a whole lot of new careers and is not limited to designing clothes as is commonly believed. Fashion careers exist in the areas of art and design, communication and presentation as well as in business and technology. People work in the teams of cutting assistants, sketching assistants and fashion designers, export houses, textile houses and handlooms, assistant of the senior fashion designers, fashion show organizer etc.
Fashion schools offer associates and bachelor's degrees in fashion design, fashion merchandising and fashion marketing. Courses cover both design fundamentals and applied business and technical skills. Students gain knowledge and training that enable them gainful employment in challenging and satisfying careers. At the same time establishing a strong general education foundation.
Interior designing
Interior designing is an area of Fashion. It is the profession of designing, organizing, managing and planning the interiors of living space i.e. of the interiors of rooms at homes, offices, retail shops, showrooms, hotels, airports, exhibition halls, conference centers, theatres, TV and film studios and commercial establishments etc. The objective of designing space is to achieve functionality and to create the right kind of atmosphere for the right budget.
There is a wide range of disciplines within the career of interior design. Some of the leading are
Residential design – It’s area of operation include bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, bath, etc.
Commercial design - It’s area of operation include offices, restaurants, banks, malls, hotels etc.
Retail design - It’s area of operation includes designing store layouts, merchandising layout specialists etc.
The basic goal of interior designer is to combine form and function. They improve the quality of interior spaces by increasing efficiency, safety, and beauty. Interior designers can work on all types of projects, hospitals, factory Interiors, vaastu/vastu shastra, furniture designing, landscaping etc.
Fashion assists Interior Designing and vice versa
Fashion and Interior Designing go hand in hand to a large extent. Usage of similar patterns and themes in different fields of application shows the connection of these fields. New trends in interior design often come from fashion as consumers want to have the latest and the most interesting objects from the catwalks. These may be used our sofas, walls, curtains etc.
Similarly various components of interior designing maybe used in areas of fashion. Like stage designing etc.
Fashion is a field which is multifaceted one, owing to the fact that fashion is ever present in almost all aspects of our lives. In terminology it is generally used to describe a style and custom of clothing worn by most of people of a country.
But what makes Fashion so popular is that it is a form of art and business. Since it is a business, the industry offers a whole lot of new careers and is not limited to designing clothes as is commonly believed. Fashion careers exist in the areas of art and design, communication and presentation as well as in business and technology. People work in the teams of cutting assistants, sketching assistants and fashion designers, export houses, textile houses and handlooms, assistant of the senior fashion designers, fashion show organizer etc.
Fashion schools offer associates and bachelor's degrees in fashion design, fashion merchandising and fashion marketing. Courses cover both design fundamentals and applied business and technical skills. Students gain knowledge and training that enable them gainful employment in challenging and satisfying careers. At the same time establishing a strong general education foundation.
Interior designing
Interior designing is an area of Fashion. It is the profession of designing, organizing, managing and planning the interiors of living space i.e. of the interiors of rooms at homes, offices, retail shops, showrooms, hotels, airports, exhibition halls, conference centers, theatres, TV and film studios and commercial establishments etc. The objective of designing space is to achieve functionality and to create the right kind of atmosphere for the right budget.
There is a wide range of disciplines within the career of interior design. Some of the leading are
Residential design – It’s area of operation include bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, bath, etc.
Commercial design - It’s area of operation include offices, restaurants, banks, malls, hotels etc.
Retail design - It’s area of operation includes designing store layouts, merchandising layout specialists etc.
The basic goal of interior designer is to combine form and function. They improve the quality of interior spaces by increasing efficiency, safety, and beauty. Interior designers can work on all types of projects, hospitals, factory Interiors, vaastu/vastu shastra, furniture designing, landscaping etc.
Fashion assists Interior Designing and vice versa
Fashion and Interior Designing go hand in hand to a large extent. Usage of similar patterns and themes in different fields of application shows the connection of these fields. New trends in interior design often come from fashion as consumers want to have the latest and the most interesting objects from the catwalks. These may be used our sofas, walls, curtains etc.
Similarly various components of interior designing maybe used in areas of fashion. Like stage designing etc.
| Information Technology | Details |
IT is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of information systems with the use of software applications and computer hardware to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.
Work environment today is totally dependent on computers. This requires to development and consistent up gradation of dedicated computer software like project management software for a number of related requirements. These include storage and protection of content, processing and transmitting of dedicated information and the secured retrieval of information, when and as required. IT thus promotes computing technology, covering everything from installing applications to developing databases.
The importance of IT is evident as it has penetrated almost every aspect of our daily lives from business to leisure and even society. Today personal PCs, cell phones, fax machines, pagers, email and internet have not only become an integral part of our very culture but also play an essential role in our everyday lives.
Few Benefits of Information Technology
Work environment today is totally dependent on computers. This requires to development and consistent up gradation of dedicated computer software like project management software for a number of related requirements. These include storage and protection of content, processing and transmitting of dedicated information and the secured retrieval of information, when and as required. IT thus promotes computing technology, covering everything from installing applications to developing databases.
The importance of IT is evident as it has penetrated almost every aspect of our daily lives from business to leisure and even society. Today personal PCs, cell phones, fax machines, pagers, email and internet have not only become an integral part of our very culture but also play an essential role in our everyday lives.
Few Benefits of Information Technology
- Direct positive impact on national income
- Biggest employment generator
- Development of industries such as transportation, real estate and catering
- Direct tax collections owing to the rising class of youthful consumers with high disposable incomes.
- Sharing information and ending linguistic barriers across the continents has led to the collapse of geographic boundaries and made the world a global village.
- Service oriented architecture
- Quality management and standards
- Education and training
- Research
- Software testing
- Database design, configuration and change management
- Systems development
- Web design
| Law | Details |
Law is a system of rules, conduct or procedure which is necessary for establishing and maintaining a disciplined society. It is established by custom, agreement, or authority and is enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in various ways and acts as the best social mediator in relations between people.
The three main branches of government that act as the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are -
Law governs a wide variety of social activities. These are -
Some important subjects of law are -
Importance of Law
Law has become a strong and versatile career option and has all the ingredients to make it an excellent career option. Law professionals can find employment in various courts of law, in government service both Central and State government, as teachers, as legal advisors in various companies, business houses, organisations etc. They can also do private practice as legal advisors, advocates, solicitors etc.
The three main branches of government that act as the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are -
- Impartial judiciary,
- Democratic legislature
- Accountable executive
Law governs a wide variety of social activities. These are -
- Contract law - It regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets.
- Property law - It defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal and real property.
- Trust law - It applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person's rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalised in penal code, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator.
- Constitutional law - It provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives.
- Administrative law - It is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action.
Some important subjects of law are -
- Administrative law
- Constitutional law
- Contract
- Criminal law
- Equity
- Private law
- Property law
- Public international law
- Public law
Importance of Law
- In any civilised society, law making becomes necessary to avoid any or at least minimise the chances of conflicts and disputes.
- It is necessary to maintain the order in society.
- It ensures peace by resolving matters in an orderly manner.
- In the absence of laws or system of laws,there would be anarchy all over .
- Violence would prevail if disputes were to be resolved forcefully without caring if the justice had been done or not.
- If the laws are disregarded ,the crimes will prevail and would be unchecked.
Law has become a strong and versatile career option and has all the ingredients to make it an excellent career option. Law professionals can find employment in various courts of law, in government service both Central and State government, as teachers, as legal advisors in various companies, business houses, organisations etc. They can also do private practice as legal advisors, advocates, solicitors etc.
| Management | Details |
Management is the art and science of accomplishing certain goals with the usage and manipulation of human financial, technological and natural resources. Management also refer to individual or individuals who make decisions about how a business should run. It is often included as a factor of production along with machines materials and money. Management is also called Business Administration and schools that teach management are usually called Business Schools.
Basic functions of management -
Some important types of management -
The size of management can range from one person in a small firm to hundreds or thousands in multinational companies. In large firms the board of directors formulates the policy which is implemented by the chief executive officer. Some business analysts and financiers give the highest importance to the quality and experience of the managers in evaluating an organization's current and future worth. The management field offers a wide variety of career choices. Most managerial work is within an office but it may involve travel to corporate meetings or events.
Few management careers -
Basic functions of management -
- Planning - Deciding what needs to be done and generating plans for action
- Organizing - Successful implementation of plans with the optimum use of the resources
- Staffing - Job Analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs
- Leading - Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it
- Controlling - Monitoring, checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback
- Motivating - The process of stimulating an individual to take action that will accomplish a desired goal
Some important types of management -
- Accounting management
- Human resources management
- Product management
- Information technology management
- Public management
- Communication management
- Resource management
- Relationship management
The size of management can range from one person in a small firm to hundreds or thousands in multinational companies. In large firms the board of directors formulates the policy which is implemented by the chief executive officer. Some business analysts and financiers give the highest importance to the quality and experience of the managers in evaluating an organization's current and future worth. The management field offers a wide variety of career choices. Most managerial work is within an office but it may involve travel to corporate meetings or events.
Few management careers -
- Business executives
- Consulting
- Corporate directors
- General and operations managers
- Presidents
- Vice presidents
- Talent managers
- Waste managers
- Accounting Management
- Agriculture and Business Management
- Biotech Management
- Business Management
- Cooperative Management
- Dairy Technology and Management
- E-Business
- Energy trading
- Environmental Management
- Event Management
- Export Management
- Financial Management
- Financial Services Management
- Foreign Trade
- General
- Hospital and Health Care Management
- Hospitality Management
- Hotel Management
- Human Resource Management
- Industrial Management
- Industry Integrated
- Information technology
- Infrastructure Management
- Insurance
- International Business
- Logistic and Supply Chain Management
- Media and Event Management
- Modern Office Management
- Oil and Gass Management
- Operations Management
- Personnel Management
- Pharmaceutical Management
- Retail Management
- Rural Development and Management
- Rural Management
- Sales and Marketing Management
- Tea Management
- Textile Management
| Mass Communications | Details |
Mass communication is a field which deals with the study of various means of communication with which individuals and entities relay information to large segments of the population all at once through mass media. Mass media includes books, newspapers, magazines, recordings, radio, movies, television and internet.These mediums are used both for disseminating news and for advertising.
With the mass usage of infrared, bluetooth and Wi-Fi, cell phones are no longer a mere tool for audio transmission. These are being used to transfer photos, music documents or even games and email at any time and anywhere. The development of media technology has led to advancement in the transmission rate and stability of information exchange.
Importance
Some areas of Mass Communication
Opportunities for placement in diverse fields of mass communication are available in -
With the mass usage of infrared, bluetooth and Wi-Fi, cell phones are no longer a mere tool for audio transmission. These are being used to transfer photos, music documents or even games and email at any time and anywhere. The development of media technology has led to advancement in the transmission rate and stability of information exchange.
Importance
- Mass communication plays a vital role in creating people’s awareness about policies and programmes of development.
- It helps in motivating them to be active partners in the nation-building endeavour.
- Disseminate information to the print and electronic media on government policies, programmes, initiatives and achievements.
- Interface between the Government and the media
Some areas of Mass Communication
- Journalism
- Public Relations
- Cinematography
- Advertising
- Publishing
- Research
Opportunities for placement in diverse fields of mass communication are available in -
- Publishing houses
- Radio
- Television
- Corporate world
- Entertainment industry
- Media industry
- Advertising agencies
- Public relations agencies
- Government organisations etc.
| Medical | Details |
Medical is the study or practice of medicine. It covers a wide range of health care practices which include prevention and treatment of illness to maintain and restore health. Medical is one of the professions which has the most stable future because there is no dearth of clients who want to get well or look well. No other profession commands such profit and respect as the medical profession.
There are two basic categories in Medical - Medicine and Surgery.
Medicine - It is the practice of non-operative medicine. Most sub specialties in this area require preliminary training in Internal Medicine. Internal medicine deals with those diseases that affect the body as a whole. It excludes pediatrics, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics and psychiatry. Practitioners of such specialties are referred to as physicians.
There are several subdisciplines of internal medicine. Some of these are -
Surgery - It is the practice of operative medicine. Most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in General Surgery. A Surgeons decides when an operation is necessary and also treat many non-surgical cases, especially those in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit where issues of critical nature arise.
Surgery has many subspecialties. Some of these are -
Specialties of medicine - These include -
Diagnostic specialties - These are Pathology, Radiology ,Clinical neurophysiology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology, Clinical immunology etc.
Interdisciplinary specialities - General practice, Bioethics, Biomedical Engineering, Sports medicine, Veterinary medicine, Wilderness medicine etc.
Sub specialities - Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Emergency medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry etc.
There are different types of medical jobs. Healthcare is the largest industry, showing the highest amount of growth of any other field. All the included medical jobs are in very high demand and have a significant growth, mostly due to the aging population and advancements in health care. Super specialty hospitals are flourishing and offering employment opportunities in abroad as well locally. These opportunities for professionals provide gains in terms of remuneration, research and working facilities.
There are two basic categories in Medical - Medicine and Surgery.
Medicine - It is the practice of non-operative medicine. Most sub specialties in this area require preliminary training in Internal Medicine. Internal medicine deals with those diseases that affect the body as a whole. It excludes pediatrics, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics and psychiatry. Practitioners of such specialties are referred to as physicians.
There are several subdisciplines of internal medicine. Some of these are -
- Cardiology
- Critical care medicine
- Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Geriatrics
- Hematology
- Hepatology
- Infectious diseases
- Nephrology
- Oncology
Surgery - It is the practice of operative medicine. Most subspecialties in this area require preliminary training in General Surgery. A Surgeons decides when an operation is necessary and also treat many non-surgical cases, especially those in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit where issues of critical nature arise.
Surgery has many subspecialties. Some of these are -
- General surgery
- Transplant surgery
- Trauma surgery
- Cardiovascular surgery
- Neurosurgery
- Maxillofacial surgery
- Orthopedic surgery
- Otolaryngology
- Plastic surgery
- Oncologic surgery
Specialties of medicine - These include -
Diagnostic specialties - These are Pathology, Radiology ,Clinical neurophysiology, Clinical chemistry, Hematology, Clinical microbiology, Clinical immunology etc.
Interdisciplinary specialities - General practice, Bioethics, Biomedical Engineering, Sports medicine, Veterinary medicine, Wilderness medicine etc.
Sub specialities - Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Emergency medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry etc.
There are different types of medical jobs. Healthcare is the largest industry, showing the highest amount of growth of any other field. All the included medical jobs are in very high demand and have a significant growth, mostly due to the aging population and advancements in health care. Super specialty hospitals are flourishing and offering employment opportunities in abroad as well locally. These opportunities for professionals provide gains in terms of remuneration, research and working facilities.
- Audiology
- Ayurveda
- Dentistry
- Electropathy
- General
- Homoeopathy
- Medical Lab Technologist
- Microbiology
- Naturopathy
- Nursing
- Nutrition and Dietics
- Occupational Therapy
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Orthopedics
- Pathology
- Pharmacognosy
- Pharmacy
- Physiology
- Physiotherapy
- Psychiatry
- Radiography
- Specialised
- Speech Therapy
- Surgery
| Multimedia, Animation and Gaming | Details |
Multimedia - It is a discipline which includes multiple forms of media integrated together. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, graphics, animation, video, and interactivity content forms. Multimedia acts as a dynamic field as it can be recorded and played, it can be displayed or accessed by computerized and electronic devices or can also be part of a live performance. Animation and gaming are forms of Multimedia.
Animation - Animation is a visual technique which provides the illusion of motion by the rapid display of a sequence of images in order to create an illusion of movement. In this technique each image contains a small change, for example a leg moves slightly, or the wheel of a car turns. When the images are viewed rapidly, your eye fills in the details and the illusion of movement is complete.
Some methods of presenting animation are -
Some types of Gaming -
Dynamic Usage
Multimedia finds its application in various areas including like advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research etc.
Human imagination in collaboration with technology can result in a fantastic and exhilarating experiences to a viewer. The endearing world of animation and computer graphics is able to bring lifeless images to life through different tools and technologies.
Gaming is useful in a wide variety of professional and educational scenarios, especially in simulations for activities requiring visual and motor coordination such as driving race cars and piloting military fighter aircraft.
Multimedia professionals can be texture artists, 3d modellers, riggers, animators, creative director, animation director, VFX director, lighting, modeling and rigging artists, production head etc.
Animation - Animation is a visual technique which provides the illusion of motion by the rapid display of a sequence of images in order to create an illusion of movement. In this technique each image contains a small change, for example a leg moves slightly, or the wheel of a car turns. When the images are viewed rapidly, your eye fills in the details and the illusion of movement is complete.
Some methods of presenting animation are -
- Limited animation
- Rotoscoping
- Flash animation
- SVG animation
- Skeletal animation
- Motion capture
- Clay animation
- Pinscreen animation
Some types of Gaming -
- Arcade game
- Personal computer game
- Console game
- Handheld game
- Mobile game
- Online game
Dynamic Usage
Multimedia finds its application in various areas including like advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business, scientific research etc.
Human imagination in collaboration with technology can result in a fantastic and exhilarating experiences to a viewer. The endearing world of animation and computer graphics is able to bring lifeless images to life through different tools and technologies.
Gaming is useful in a wide variety of professional and educational scenarios, especially in simulations for activities requiring visual and motor coordination such as driving race cars and piloting military fighter aircraft.
Multimedia professionals can be texture artists, 3d modellers, riggers, animators, creative director, animation director, VFX director, lighting, modeling and rigging artists, production head etc.
| Professional Courses | Details |
Professional courses refer to a variety of education and training which match the specific needs of an Industry. The focus of these courses is on skill building, career development, self-improvement etc. These are specifically designed to meet industry requirements, address and fulfill certain requirements of individuals and employers. Entry requirements vary depending on the sector. Many professional course qualifications are mandatory for entry into an industry or profession. These courses are part time or full time and can be long term or short term.
On completion of any specialised courses, job seekers find employment easier because of their wide acceptability in the Industry. Working professionals stand a better chance of career growth and self-employed can expect to multiply their earnings by making commercial use of skills gained at the college.
These have turned out to be a very popular choice in the present times as students opting for various courses of their preference want to focus on to a definite chalked out career early in life. These courses provide a well-defined career in terms of the industry to be pursued like medicine, engineering, management, law, mass media, hospitality etc.
Basic areas of Professional courses -
1. Effective interaction with the employer, the job and understand their needs.
2. Development and execution of interesting activities for employees
3. Assistance to young and novice employees in resolving behavioral problems and issues between themselves and others
4. Effective Interaction with other departments or any other stakeholders
5. Effective communication in regard of the mission, goals, and polices of the program/ organization
On completion of any specialised courses, job seekers find employment easier because of their wide acceptability in the Industry. Working professionals stand a better chance of career growth and self-employed can expect to multiply their earnings by making commercial use of skills gained at the college.
These have turned out to be a very popular choice in the present times as students opting for various courses of their preference want to focus on to a definite chalked out career early in life. These courses provide a well-defined career in terms of the industry to be pursued like medicine, engineering, management, law, mass media, hospitality etc.
Basic areas of Professional courses -
- Retail
- Banking
- Insurance
- Auto Sales
- General Sales
- Customer Relations
- Tourism
- White Goods
- Real Estate
1. Effective interaction with the employer, the job and understand their needs.
2. Development and execution of interesting activities for employees
3. Assistance to young and novice employees in resolving behavioral problems and issues between themselves and others
4. Effective Interaction with other departments or any other stakeholders
5. Effective communication in regard of the mission, goals, and polices of the program/ organization
- Chef
- Cosmetology
- Disaster Management
- Entrepreneurship
- Footwear Technology
- Foreign Languages
- Gemology
- Infrastructure and Real Estate
- Insurance
- Intellectual Property Rights
- Jewellery Design
- Modelling
- Nanotechnology
- Photography
- Scientific Research and Development
- Sports
- Telemarketing
- Textile Design
- Tourist Guide
- Transcription Music
- Translators and Interpreters
- Travel and Tourism
- Visual Merchandising
| Science | Details |
Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method. It is also an organized body of knowledge which has been gained through research.Science is independent of religious, political, cultural, or philosophical outlook. Its objective is to discover and increase human understanding of how things work.
Science is such a discipline which is prominent in all spheres of life and there is no work or industry which does not use science principles. Science has become and integral part of human life as it fulfills our day to day requirements. Its subject area is vast and unlimited, be it medicine, food, education, building, language etc.
Fields of science
1. Natural sciences - Science which deals with the objects, phenomena, laws of nature and the physical world.
Some Disciplines of Natural sciences -
Some disciplines of Formal sciences -
Some disciplines of Social sciences -
Some disciplines of Applied sciences -
Importance of Science in Study and Career
1. Studying science equips candidates with essential skills which are very employable whether scientific or non-scientific area.
2. Problem solving is another skill which can be mastered within science. It is essential to employers in all fields, especially when it is extended to evaluating alternative solutions.
3. Experience in communication skills is another gain in this field. While presenting their verbal or written work candidates become so competent at expressing a logical argument, debating and persuading that it becomes a habit for them which is an indispensable skill in the workplace.
4. The skills gained from studying science are versatile, transferable and applicable to any profession. Science is not only relevant in many science-related jobs, such as engineering, information technology etc. but it is also relevant in non-science jobs like banking, teaching, marketing, law etc.
5. Achieving further qualification in science bring greater rewards in monetary terms and future as compared to other subjects.
6. Study of some non-scientific subjects means that those with degrees in the arts or humanities may soon find that they are not able to earn enough to compensate for the amount that they paid for their university education. While some will continue to profit from the amount they spent on their degrees like accountancy but others
may gain only a small, or even a nil, return to their investment in higher education.
7. Science is omnipresent in modern society. Science is vital to ensure the survival of our planet by developing new or alternative solutions for everything from fuel production to waste disposal. With current issues such as gene therapy,oil depletion etc., the contribution of future scientists has a crucial role to play be it developing new communications solutions or contributing to make the world a better place.
Science is such a discipline which is prominent in all spheres of life and there is no work or industry which does not use science principles. Science has become and integral part of human life as it fulfills our day to day requirements. Its subject area is vast and unlimited, be it medicine, food, education, building, language etc.
Fields of science
1. Natural sciences - Science which deals with the objects, phenomena, laws of nature and the physical world.
Some Disciplines of Natural sciences -
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Astronomy
- Earth sciences etc.
Some disciplines of Formal sciences -
- Computer sciences
- Linguistics
- Mathematics
- Systems science etc.
Some disciplines of Social sciences -
- Anthropology
- Economics
- Psychology
- Geography etc.
Some disciplines of Applied sciences -
- Architecture
- Cognitive sciences
- Engineering
- Health sciences etc.
Importance of Science in Study and Career
1. Studying science equips candidates with essential skills which are very employable whether scientific or non-scientific area.
2. Problem solving is another skill which can be mastered within science. It is essential to employers in all fields, especially when it is extended to evaluating alternative solutions.
3. Experience in communication skills is another gain in this field. While presenting their verbal or written work candidates become so competent at expressing a logical argument, debating and persuading that it becomes a habit for them which is an indispensable skill in the workplace.
4. The skills gained from studying science are versatile, transferable and applicable to any profession. Science is not only relevant in many science-related jobs, such as engineering, information technology etc. but it is also relevant in non-science jobs like banking, teaching, marketing, law etc.
5. Achieving further qualification in science bring greater rewards in monetary terms and future as compared to other subjects.
6. Study of some non-scientific subjects means that those with degrees in the arts or humanities may soon find that they are not able to earn enough to compensate for the amount that they paid for their university education. While some will continue to profit from the amount they spent on their degrees like accountancy but others
may gain only a small, or even a nil, return to their investment in higher education.
7. Science is omnipresent in modern society. Science is vital to ensure the survival of our planet by developing new or alternative solutions for everything from fuel production to waste disposal. With current issues such as gene therapy,oil depletion etc., the contribution of future scientists has a crucial role to play be it developing new communications solutions or contributing to make the world a better place.
- Anthropology
- Aqua Science
- Astronomy
- Biochemistry
- Bioinformatics
- Biology
- Biosciences
- Biostatistics
- Biotechnology
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Computer Science
- Electronics
- Environmental Science
- Food Technology and Processing
- Forensic Science
- General
- Genetics
- Geology
- Home Science
- Horticulture
- Life Sciences
- Mathematics
- Meteorology
- Microbiology
- Molecular Biology
- Natural Sciences
- Nursing
- Oceanography
- Optometrics
- Photonics
- Physics
- Plant Pathology
- Specialised
- Zoology
| Vocational Courses | Details |
Vocational Courses are certain disciplines which enables individuals to acquire skills which are traditionally non-academic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation. They are also known as Technical Education, Career and Technical Education (CTE) or Vocational Education and Training (VET) as they directly develop expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology through manual or practical activities.
Vocational courses are primarily designed in such a way that they impart a thorough application-based study wherein theoretical concepts of a field are not studied independently, but are subordinated to the understanding of techno-operational aspects of specific jobs. Till few years back such courses were looked down upon by majority. With diversification in various fields, the industry requires more and more skilled people. With huge demand of skilled workers the popularity of the vocational courses has risen. These courses are offered at comparatively less cost than the university or college degree and some are also available online.
Some Vocational Courses
Benefits of Vocational courses
1. Vocational courses give dual advantage of traditional knowledge as well as vocational skills.
2. Their focus is on specialised as opposed to a generalised understanding of different disciplines.
3. They offer a realistic insight into the requirements of particular types of job or jobs.
4. The ongoing trends in the global job market favours Specialised Learners in every field and at all levels while others are unable to adjust to the dynamics of competitiveness. It is in this regard that a vocational cousre comes to the rescue of those who had specialised learning.
5. They develop skilled manpower through diversified courses to meet the requirements of mainly the unorganised sector.
6. Development of self-employment skills in people as a large number of courses are Self Employment Oriented.
7. They scale the bridge between the skilled manpower required and skilled manpower available.
Vocational courses are primarily designed in such a way that they impart a thorough application-based study wherein theoretical concepts of a field are not studied independently, but are subordinated to the understanding of techno-operational aspects of specific jobs. Till few years back such courses were looked down upon by majority. With diversification in various fields, the industry requires more and more skilled people. With huge demand of skilled workers the popularity of the vocational courses has risen. These courses are offered at comparatively less cost than the university or college degree and some are also available online.
Some Vocational Courses
- Architectural Draughtsmanship
- Cutting/Tailoring & Dress Making
- Computer Operator & Programme Assistant
- Desk Top Publishing
- Electrical Technician
- Electronics (Radio/TV/Tape Recorder Mechanic)
- Fruit & Vegetable Preservation Programs
- Hair & Skin Care
- Library Assistant
- Plumbing
- Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
- Secretarial Practices
- Stenography
- Typewriting
Benefits of Vocational courses
1. Vocational courses give dual advantage of traditional knowledge as well as vocational skills.
2. Their focus is on specialised as opposed to a generalised understanding of different disciplines.
3. They offer a realistic insight into the requirements of particular types of job or jobs.
4. The ongoing trends in the global job market favours Specialised Learners in every field and at all levels while others are unable to adjust to the dynamics of competitiveness. It is in this regard that a vocational cousre comes to the rescue of those who had specialised learning.
5. They develop skilled manpower through diversified courses to meet the requirements of mainly the unorganised sector.
6. Development of self-employment skills in people as a large number of courses are Self Employment Oriented.
7. They scale the bridge between the skilled manpower required and skilled manpower available.
- Air Conditioning and Refrigration
- Art and Craft
- Basic Accounting
- Beauty and Health Care
- Catering and allied services
- Computer Related
- Electrical and Electronics
- Food Processing Technology
- Mechanics and Fitters
- Office Executives & Call Centre Trainees
- Plumber and Mason
- Soft Skills & Personality Development
- Spoken and Communicative English
- Welding and Lathe Operators
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